Tang Meng Kit
How did a single drone video reshape global perceptions of a modern conflict? In 2025, Ukraine’s Operation Spiderweb showcased the power of transparency, releasing real-time footage of strikes on Russian bomber bases, captivating audiences and exposing adversary weaknesses. In contrast, the India–Pakistan air skirmish, sparked by a terrorist attack in Jammu and Kashmir, fueled confusion through unverified claims and disinformation, with Pakistan’s exaggerated reports of downed Indian jets amplifying mistrust. These events offer contrasting case studies in managing wartime narratives, verifying claims, and engaging diverse audiences.
The 2025 India–Pakistan skirmish and Operation Spiderweb highlight the critical role of strategic communication in modern conflicts, where drones, social media, and open-source intelligence (OSINT) shape outcomes. This analysis explores impacts on domestic publics, international allies, media, policymakers, military stakeholders, and adversaries, underscoring how technology, transparency, and disinformation influence conflict dynamics and global perceptions.
The India-Pakistan air skirmish of 2025 escalated from tensions over Jammu and Kashmir. It was ignited by a terrorist attack on April 22, 2025, in Pahalgam, killing 26 civilians, mostly tourists. India launched retaliatory drone and missile strikes on May 6, targeting alleged terrorist infrastructure in Pakistan-administered Kashmir. From May 6 to May 10, both nations exchanged airstrikes, hitting air bases and infrastructure, risking broader conflict.
On May 7, Pakistan claimed via X to have downed five Indian aircraft, including Rafales, fueling domestic support but lacking verified evidence. India has not officially confirmed losses, though reports suggest at least two aircraft were downed, fostering confusion among civilians. Pakistan’s claim targeted the Rafale, a multi-role fighter jet manufactured by Dassault Aviation, equipped with advanced radar and missiles for air superiority. India’s 36 Rafale jets, acquired in 2016 for €7.8 billion, symbolize modernization, outmatching Pakistan’s F-16s and JF-35s and escalating nuclear tensions.
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