Hal Brands
The world is a battleground again. The post–Cold War moment of great-power peace and borderless globalization has ended. Fracture, rivalry and disorder are defining themes of our age. In recent years, ghastly wars have upended crucial regions. Freedom of the seas and the sanctity of borders are under assault. Aggressive autocracies are challenging the US and its democratic allies. America’s commitment to leading a prosperous, stable international system is itself in doubt.
Meanwhile, economic warfare intensifies, as tariffs, sanctions and other trade controls proliferate. Technological breakthroughs, from artificial intelligence to synthetic biology, promise revolutionary progress — and threaten terrible new forms of destruction. The decades ahead will feature ugly, grinding cold wars — or perhaps even devastating, great-power hot wars. Transiting this volatile, uncertain era will require reacquainting ourselves with the strategic logic of geography, that most enduring, unforgiving force in world affairs.
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