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11 March 2026

The Chicken or the Egg: Securitization of AI or AI-fication of Security?

Sina Hoch

What was once portrayed only in dystopian movies about killer robots, seems increasingly realistic on today’s battlefields: disruptive technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), have started to alter the nature of warfare significantly. As Henna Virkkunen, EU Commissioner for Digital and Frontier Technologies and Commission Vice-President, put it at the adoption of the EU defence package in November 2025: “The war in Ukraine clearly demonstrates how fast defence technologies evolve and how frontier technologies provide rapid tactical change on the battlefield. The EU needs a fundamental change of mindset at all levels.” Agility, speed, collaboration, and risk-taking, she argued, must become the new normal in European defence capability development.

Long cast as a normative power whose legal competences stopped short of hard security and defence, the EU increasingly presents itself as a geopolitical actor pursuing strategic autonomy and technological sovereignty. While these concepts remain vague in their definition, they have become tightly bound to defence readiness and military innovation.

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