Samuel Greene and Christopher Walker
Russia is prosecuting a war that knows no borders. Ukraine is the open front, but the objective is larger: to defeat a coalition of adversaries, including all of Europe and the Russian opposition figures that have taken refuge there. As a result, Moscow is carrying out repeated attacks on both people and infrastructure within NATO’s borders. What might once have been described as “hybrid operations” or “active measures” across Europe have become nakedly kinetic, aimed not to persuade but to destroy critical systems and the continent’s willingness to fight. Welcome to shadow warfare: a concerted campaign of physical assaults designed to degrade an adversary without provoking military reprisals.
The list of Russian shadow attacks grows longer each month. Moscow’s drone fleets have shut down busy airports in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, and Norway and forced these countries to scramble their jets. Downed Russian drones have damaged property in Poland. Russian-linked ships have dragged their anchors across the Baltic Sea, disrupting vital energy and telecommunications links. Explosive devices planted by Russian operatives have disrupted European railways and logistics depots. Senior European defense-industry leaders have only narrowly escaped assassination attempts. Several Russian exiles have been less fortunate.
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