2 May 2025

Understanding Hybrid Warfare: Great Power Competition and Conflict in the New Era

Tony Balasevicius

INTRODUCTION TO PART 1

Continuing events and increasing instability in the world seem to indicate that the established international order is in transition, if not under attack. Russian military operations in Ukraine, as well as its gray zone operations in Europe and Scandinavia; Chinese operations in the South China Sea, Taiwan and around the globe; Iran and its proxy forces’ actions in the Middle East; North Korean troops fighting on behalf of the Russians are all examples of a disintegrating global order of things. Quite simply, the strategic environment is shifting from the unipolar system based on American dominance, to a multi-polar world where peer and near-peer adversaries are asserting their influence and attempting to challenge the existing rules-based international order in the pursuit of their own national interest.

Not only are these nations becoming increasingly assertive on the world stage, they are beginning to display capabilities and performance levels that have the potential to undermine Western military and technological superiority. Moreover, they have shown abilities to limit or prevent short term access to important emerging capabilities such as space, cyberspace, and the electromagnetic spectrum.1

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