6 June 2025

The EU’s Response to Pahalgam: A Missed Opportunity

Jagannath Panda

The recent terrorist attack in Pahalgam was not just another act of violence – it was a chilling reminder of the brutal threats that still plague the Indian subcontinent. Yet, while many in the international community rushed to condemn the attack, the response from the European Union (EU) was, at best, lukewarm and strategically cautious.

India responded with justified outrage via Operation Sindoor, taking firm and decisive action against terrorism. The response was not merely reactive. New Delhi has, over the years, built a robust counterterrorism doctrine that aligns both with domestic imperatives and international norms. Through diplomatic engagements, intelligence cooperation, and military precision, as seen in post-Uri and Balakot responses, India has consistently demonstrated strategic maturity in the face of provocation.

However, even as support poured in from various individual European nations, the EU’s reaction as a bloc, though outwardly condemnatory, seemed carefully calibrated to avoid uncomfortable truths. By refusing to call out Pakistan – a nation with a well-documented history of harboring militant networks – and by urging “de-escalation” instead, the EU defaulted to its usual posture of studied neutrality.

This episode prompts a necessary reflection: Why does the EU often refrain from taking an unequivocal stance when terrorism strikes South Asia? While European leaders rightly expect solidarity in response to attacks on their own soil, their reluctance to address security threats in India with similar clarity reveals an enduring inconsistency in approach.

Pakistan and the Latest Reincarnation of Lashkar-e-Taiba

Kunwar Khuldune Shahid

Indian Army Colonel Sofiya Qureshi speaks as Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri looks on during a press conference regarding Operation Sindoor, May 7, 2025. Behind them, a map shows the locations struck by India, purported “terrorist camps” in Pakistan-administered Kashmir and Pakistan.Credit: Government of India

The clashes between India and Pakistan in May – the closest the two nuclear-armed neighbors have come to a full-blown war since 1999 – hinged over the status of India-bound jihadist groups in Pakistan, led by the Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT). India struck various sites in Pakistan, which it claimed were training camps of the LeT, the Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), and the Hizbul Mujahideen (HM). Together, these groups form the jihadist umbrella dedicated to “liberating Kashmir from Indian occupation.”

New Delhi’s strikes came as reaction to last month’s attack in Pahalgam town of Indian-administered Kashmir, claimed by the LeT-allied The Resistance Front, in which 26 civilians, nearly all tourists, were gunned down. Islamabad denies any connection with the militant raid and points to the fact that both Lashkar-e-Taiba and Jaish-e-Mohammed are banned in Pakistan.

The LeT was founded by Hafiz Muhammad Saeed in 1990 out of former anti-Soviet jihadists. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the LeT remained aligned with regional jihadist outfits, notably al-Qaida and the Taliban, but dedicated its focus to the Kashmir jihad in the 1990s. The group carried out numerous raids in India with the backing of Pakistan’s security agencies.

 After being designated as a terror outfit by the U.S. post-9/11, the LeT, along with the JeM, was banned in Pakistan in 2002. However, some of the group’s deadliest maneuvers in India came in the aftermath of the ban, including the Delhi bombings in 2005 and the 2008 Mumbai attacks.

Pakistan’s TTP Problem: Why Military Solutions Continue to Fail

Maqbool Shah

The resurgence of the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) since the Afghan Taliban’s return to power in August 2021 has exposed fundamental flaws in Pakistan’s counterterrorism strategy. Despite decades of military operations, billions in defense spending, and significant tactical successes during operations like Zarb-e-Azb and Radd-ul-Fasaad, Pakistan finds itself confronting an emboldened insurgency that operates with virtual impunity from Afghan territory.

As someone who commanded troops in counterinsurgency operations on contested border regions, I witnessed firsthand how conventional military thinking often proves inadequate against asymmetric threats. The current TTP resurgence demonstrates that Pakistan’s military establishment has learned few lessons from previous campaigns. It continues to pursue tactical solutions to what is fundamentally a strategic and political problem with regional implications extending far beyond Pakistan’s borders.

The Taliban’s Gift to the TTP

The Afghan Taliban’s victory in August 2021 fundamentally altered the strategic landscape for the TTP. Within months of the Taliban takeover, TTP attacks inside Pakistan increased dramatically, with the group claiming responsibility for over 100 attacks in 2022 alone – a significant increase from previous years when the organization appeared weakened and fragmented.

The sanctuary provided by Taliban-controlled Afghanistan has allowed the TTP to rebuild organizational structures, enhance training capabilities, and coordinate operations with a freedom of movement not enjoyed since the peak of the insurgency in 2008-2010. Unlike the fragmented organization that Pakistani forces degraded through sustained military pressure, the current TTP appears more centralized, strategically focused, and tactically sophisticated.

This resurgence is not merely numerical but qualitative. Recent TTP operations demonstrate improved intelligence gathering, coordinated timing of multiple attacks, and selective targeting that maximizes psychological impact while minimizing military risk. The group has shifted from attempting to hold territory – a strategy that proved vulnerable to Pakistani military superiority – to a more sustainable approach focused on undermining state authority through persistent, low-level violence.

China says US has 'severely violated' tariffs truce


China says the US has "severely violated" their trade truce and that it will take strong measures to defend its interests.

China's Ministry of Commerce said Washington has "seriously undermined" the agreement reached during talks in Geneva last month, when both countries lowered tariffs on goods imported from each other.

The spokesperson added that US actions have also severely violated the consensus reached during a phone call in January between China's leader Xi Jinping and President Donald Trump.


The US President did not give details but Trade Representative Jamieson Greer later said China had not been removing non-tariff barriers as agreed under the deal.

Under the trade truce struck in May at a meeting in Geneva, the US lowered tariffs imposed on goods from China from 145% to 30%. China's retaliatory tariffs on US goods dropped from 125% to 10%.

On Monday, Beijing said US violations of the agreement included stopping sales of computer chip design software to Chinese companies, warning against using chips made by Chinese tech giant Huawei, and cancelling visas for Chinese students.

China snubs Asia’s largest defense forum as tensions with US simmer

Brad Lendon

China will not send its defense minister to this year’s Shangri-La Dialogue, shunning a chance for a high-level meeting with US and Asian counterparts as tensions simmer with Washington.

China announced Thursday it will instead be represented by a delegation from the People’s Liberation Army National Defense University, marking the first time in five years a high-level delegation from Beijing will miss Asia’s largest defense and security forum.

The United States will be represented by Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth at the event, which often provides opportunities on the sidelines for rare face-to-face meetings between top generals and defense officials from the US and China.

Last year then-US Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin met with Minister of National Defense Adm. Dong Jun on the sidelines of the event and the two pledged to continue a US-China dialogue amid simmering military tensions over Taiwan and Chinese aggression in the South China Sea.

Beijing’s decision not to send Dong this year throws into question whether there will be any meeting between the US and China at a time of heightened tensions between the two.

China has railed against America’s efforts in recent years to tighten its alliances and defense posture in Asia, while economic frictions rose to historic levels earlier this year after US President Donald Trump’s imposition of tariffs on China sparked a tit-for-tat between the two countries that saw duties rise to more than 100% on each other’s goods.

While the two sides announced a temporary tariff truce earlier this month, tensions flared against this week. On Wednesday, two days before the forum’s opening, the US aimed a shock double punch targeting software exports to Chinese tech companies and study visas granted to Chinese students, risking a fragile trade war truce between Washington and Beijing.

Greta Thunberg and the Gaza Clown Show


Greta Thunberg recently emerged from the cultural wilderness to board a boat destined for Gaza. Clutching a microphone, tears running down her face, she announced that she was there to raise “international awareness”. Cameras clicked, the Palestinian flag fluttered, and the sea swallowed the horizon. To some, it was courage. 

To others, a shameless stunt. But for anyone who’s been watching closely, this was the final contortion of dissent into something pre-packaged and painfully self-serving.

Let me be very clear. One doesn’t need to defend Israel to find this spectacle deeply absurd. Greta has not grown into a mature moral voice. She has grown into a mascot for curated outrage. 

She went from lecturing world leaders at Davos to waving flags on a boat with a French MEP and a Game of Thrones actor. And for what? To revive a dying brand. To stay visible in a culture that feeds on attention but chokes on complexity. 

Greta’s climate crusade was always built on alarmism over nuance, emotion over understanding. Now that the panic has faded, she’s scrambling for a new stage. Gaza just happens to be the loudest one available.

Littoral Crisis and Conflict


This scenario document is a companion to the previously published Information Warfighter Exercise Wargame Second Edition: Rulebook. The scenario is intended as a resource for anyone considering administering an Information Warfighter Exercise (IWX) Wargame; this is not for players.

The scenario encompasses competition, crisis, and large-scale combat operations between two fictional countries: Khorathidin and Bagansait. The scenario begins with humanitarian assistance and disaster response operations, progresses to include an attempted fait accompli, and concludes with a division-level multidomain fight. Each team must plan influence activities to support semiscripted military operations in its attempt to destroy enemy forces and gain control of a disputed littoral region.

This document will allow IWX exercise control personnel to run a wargame without first building their own scenario by providing the following resources: (1) background information on two fictional, adversarial countries and a road to crisis that escalates them through the competition continuum; 

(2) a default turn-by-turn overview of Red and Blue team objectives and concepts of operations

(3) orders of battle and information environment overviews for both the Red and Blue teams, initially drawn from U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command's Decisive Action Training Environment and then modified and augmented to meet the needs of the IWX; 

references and supplemental materials to augment the information environment; and a step-by-step guide for developing more IWX Wargame scenarios, with explanations of how and why this particular scenario was developed.

Middle powers, not great ones, shaping the new world order

Miras Zhiyenbayev

An Indonesian military honour guard marks the 60th anniversary of the Asian-African Conference in Bandung. Photo: X Screengrab / Indonesian Government

In traditional international relations theory, the term “middle power” has been defined by quantifiable metrics – a state that ranks somewhere in the middle of the global hierarchy in terms of size, military strength or economic heft.

This vertical, power-based definition implicitly casts middle powers as second-tier countries: stronger than small states but materially weaker than the great powers at the top of the pyramid.

However, a purely power-based label fails to capture the true dynamics of today’s world, where many so-called middle powers punch well above their weight diplomatically and great powers often find their will constrained.

It also obscures the agency and creativity these states now exhibit on the global stage. Therefore, it’s much more practical to define “middle power” horizontally rather than vertically – focusing on a state’s geopolitical position and behavior rather than its size alone.

What would a horizontal definition of middle powers look like? Essentially, it reframes “middle” not as a middling level of power, but as a position between great powers on the global chessboard.

Is Iraq Ready To Stand Alone Against Extremist Threats If US Withdrawal Goes Ahead? – Analysis

Jonathan Lessware

When Daesh extremists seized control of swathes of Iraqi territory in 2014, many wondered whether the onslaught could have been prevented had US troops not withdrawn from the country three years earlier.

As the militants surged into Iraq’s second-largest city, Mosul, there were reports of members of the Iraqi Security Forces stripping off their uniforms as they fled.

“We can’t beat them,” an unnamed army officer told Reuters amid the chaos. “They are well-trained in street fighting, and we’re not. We need a whole army to drive them out of Mosul.”

After three years of fierce fighting that took Daesh within 25 kilometers of the capital, Baghdad, the extremists were finally driven back and Mosul was liberated.

The gargantuan military effort was spearheaded by Iraq’s elite Counter Terrorism Service, bolstered by the return of American troops and the US Air Force.

Images of the destruction in Mosul, along with the catastrophic impact of Daesh’s occupation, might be playing on the minds of Washington officials as they once again weigh whether or not to remove American troops still stationed in Iraq.

As it stands, the US and Iraq have agreed to end Operation Inherent Resolve — the US-led coalition’s mission to combat Daesh — by September. Most of the 2,500 US personnel in Iraq are scheduled to leave in the initial phase, with a small number remaining until 2026.

The implosion of Geert WildersHe has alienated all of his allies


A common method of intimidation in Dutch gang warfare is to hang an illegal Cobra firework on your opponent’s front door and then run away. 

The method is not dissimilar to that of greying, far-Right politician Geert Wilders, who, less than a year after his Freedom Party (PVV) joined the government coalition, has just blown it all up.

Yesterday morning, Wilders told the leaders of the three other Right-wing parties in the governing coalition that he was quitting and withdrawing his ministers. 

Given that his party was the largest in the coalition — which also constitutes the People’s Party for Freedom and Democracy (VVD), the farmer-citizen movement (BBB), and the good governance party New Social Contract (NSC) — this was pretty much a death sentence. 

By the afternoon, Prime Minister Dick Schoof had resigned, saying it was all “unnecessary and irresponsible”: a snap election now looks likely.

Yet it is difficult to see how this will benefit Wilders and his anti-migration, anti-Islam party. The man often called a “firebrand” has exploded what is likely to be his only shot at Dutch government

Russia Could Lose: Putin Has No Way Out of The Ukraine War

Alexander Motyl

Russian President Putin. Image Credit: Creative Commons.

Russia’s president, Vladimir Putin, is in a pickle. And the Ukrainian Security Service put him there by launching a spectacular drone attack against several military airports and possibly destroying or damaging 41 planes.

Regardless of the tactical or strategic importance of the strikes and their implications for warfare, the Ukrainian attack is a personal and political embarrassment for Putin.
Putin’s Ukraine War Pandora’s Box He Can’t Close

On the one hand, the brazenness of the attack undermines Putin’s legitimacy as Russia’s omniscient and omnipotent leader.

Who, but an incompetent, would permit such a disaster to happen on his watch?

On the other hand, the attack underscores the rottenness of Putin’s political and military systems.

The Ukrainians smuggled in over 100 drones, placed them in trucks driven by Russians who appear not to have known what they were transporting, and directed the whole operation from a site near a local Russian Security Service headquarters.

Clearly, a vast array of Russian officials weren’t doing their jobs.

Russia aims to ride the BRICS to AI victory

IVANA STRADNER and EMILY HESTER

As the AI competition between the United States and China heats up, Vladimir Putin is desperate to have a horse in the race. The Russian president views AI as a core pillar of Moscow’s long-term plan to challenge Western dominance. After three years of Western sanctions devastating Russia’s economy,

 spurring a massive brain drain and hindering the country’s innovative capacity, Moscow has turned to the BRICS bloc, whose founding members include Brazil, Russia, India, China, 

and South Africa, to build a parallel AI ecosystem. Washington must stop viewing BRICS as a politically benign organization and recognize that it is a powerful vehicle for Moscow to expand its international influence and strengthen Russia’s AI capabilities.

“Those who will secure leadership in this domain will become the global master,” Putin proclaimed in 2017. Since then, he has implemented a series of strategic directives intended to catalyze Russia’s AI sector. Putin’s 2021 National Security Strategy stresses the integration of advanced technologies, including AI, 

to bolster national defense and economic resilience. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ 2023 Concept of the Foreign Policy emphasizes the importance of AI industry growth and strategic cooperation with BRICS. And last year, 

Russia updated its National Strategy for the Development of Artificial Intelligence through 2030, which outlines the formation of research and development programs to prepare “Russian artificial intelligence technologies to occupy a significant share of the global market.”

For Putin, BRICS constitutes the ideal route for international collaboration. Over the past year, the group has doubled from five to 10 members, adding Egypt, Ethiopia, 

Indonesia, Iran, and United Arab Emirates. The bloc now comprises 35 percent of the global economy. With an additional dozen nations it has designated as “partner countries,” BRICS is evolving into a strategic hub for AI development and governance.

Ukraine's audacious drone attack sends critical message to Russia - and the West


Ukraine Presidential Press Service/EPA-EFE/Shutterstock
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky shakes hands with the Head of the Security Service (SSU) Vasyl Malyuk, who had reported on the operation against Russian airbases


It's hard to exaggerate the sheer audacity - or ingenuity - that went into Ukraine's countrywide assault on Russia's air force.

We cannot possibly verify Ukrainian claims that the attacks resulted in $7bn (£5.2bn) of damage, but it's clear that "Operation Spider's Web" was, at the very least, a spectacular propaganda coup.

Ukrainians are already comparing it with other notable military successes since Russia's full-scale invasion, including the sinking of the flagship of Russia's Black Sea fleet, the Moskva, and the bombing of the Kerch Bridge, both in 2022, as well as a missile attack on Sevastopol harbour the following year.

Judging by details leaked to the media by the Security Service of Ukraine (SBU), the latest operation is the most elaborate achievement so far.

In an operation said to have taken 18 months to prepare, scores of small drones were smuggled into Russia, stored in special compartments aboard freight trucks, driven to at least four separate locations, thousands of miles apart, and launched remotely towards nearby airbases.

INDOPACOM brings AI to wargaming exercise

LAUREN C. WILLIAMS

WASHINGTON—The Pentagon has long sought to realize the potential of artificial intelligence to help commanders; now U.S. Indo-Pacific Command is about to use AI-powered decision aids in a signature tabletop exercise.

INDOPACOM will put its work on the Thunderforge project to use during the second half of its annual Pacific Sentry exercise, in which headquarters staff and command components square off against a simulated enemy, the command's director of requirements and resources said Thursday.

“This is the first time we are using the online artificial intelligence tools to help us,” Bob Stephenson told Defense One on the sidelines of Scale AI’s Gov Summit here. “We've run one exercise. We're about to move into our next phase, which is combining the AI-enabled applications that are available now—the reasoning models—with agentic, with Thunderforge, which is using modeling simulation and [courses of action] assessment.”

The first part of Pacific Sentry was held in early April; the second half starts next week. Among other things, successful completion of the scenario helps the command’s components earn their certification as combat-ready units.

Earlier this year, INDOPACOM began working with the Pentagon’s Chief Data and Artificial Intelligence Office and Defense Innovation Unit on Thunderforge, a system designed to help commanders make decisions using AI to synthesize sensor data into actionable information. Scale AI, Anduril, and Microsoft were hired to build Thunderforge, which is also to be used at European Command.

With Reckless Attack, Ukrainians Hope to Drag USA into WWIII


The New York Post boasted in a headline on Sunday that, “Ukraine’s surprise strike deep in Russia — an excellent way to push Putin to talk peace.” The headline might be the dumbest in the tabloid’s 124 year history.

The Post and other parts of the uniparty’s pro-war bandwagon have long sought a bigger war and ever-greater U.S. involvement in order to stick it to Russia. On Sunday, they got their wish, with Ukraine executing a long-planned operation that reportedly disabled dozens of nuclear bombers deep inside Russia that comprise a crucial part of Moscow’s nuclear triad—the same combination of submarines, missiles, and bombers that the United States uses to deter nuclear war.

It would be as if a foreign power armed with Russian materiel and intelligence destroyed a significant portion of America’s nuclear-capable B-2 and B-52 bombers. How would we react? Would we reach for the peace pipe or respond with fury?

Upsetting this balance of deterrence is extremely reckless and harmful to the interests of the United States. Russian military doctrine provides for the preemptive use of nuclear weapons if an adversary appears to be using conventional means to undermine its first and second-strike nuclear capabilities.

Putin’s ‘Full Bore’ Ukraine Offensive Could Be a Disaster for Russia

Reuben Johnson

Key Points – Russia is reportedly massing approximately 50,000 troops, including significant numbers of North Korean soldiers, near Ukraine’s Sumy region for a potential summer offensive aimed at creating a “buffer zone.”

-However, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy has expressed skepticism about Russia’s capability to launch a successful new major ground offensive, citing their current resource limitations despite daily missile and drone attacks.

-After Russia’s 2022 mobilization efforts led to massive casualties and public backlash, Moscow has increasingly relied on North Korea for manpower and ammunition. Meanwhile, peace negotiations remain stalled, with Putin maintaining maximalist demands from March 2022.
Putin’s New Offensive to Win the Ukraine War?

Russian President Vladimir Putin refused to join negotiations for a peaceful end to the war in Ukraine that took place in Istanbul on May 15th.

A second round has now been proposed for 2 June, but there is no shortage of those who have minimal – if any – expectations of him showing up this time either.

Dispatch from Kyiv: Ukraine’s daring drone attack gives Trump leverage against Putin

John E. Herbst

KYIV—It was a surprising and devastating attack that some hysterical Russian war bloggers are calling the country’s Pearl Harbor. But the assault on Pearl Harbor occurred when there was no war between Japan and the United States.

Having spent the last four nights in a bomb shelter in Odesa and Kyiv as the Kremlin continues its massive missile and drone attacks on Ukraine’s cities, in a war of aggression that Moscow launched, I can assure you that Ukraine had every right to do what it did on June 1: Strike strategic bombers at five bases across the breadth of Russia.

In contrast to Moscow’s targeting of Ukrainian civilians and infrastructure, Ukraine committed no war crime or breach of international law in destroying those Russian planes, which are regularly used against civilians.

Rather than recalling the Pearl Harbor attack, the complexity and boldness of Ukraine’s “Operation Spiderweb”—which involved smuggling drones into Russian regions from Murmansk to Irkutsk, and launching them against advanced Russian Tu-95 and Tu-22 bombers and A-50 intelligence planes—rivals the now legendary Israeli intelligence operation against Hezbollah fighters’ pagers last year. It has underscored once again that ingenuity along with determination are Ukraine’s strategic advantages in stopping Moscow’s war of aggression.

According to media reports, as many as forty planes have been hit. The Security Service of Ukraine—which planned and executed the operation—claims that the attack destroyed 34 percent of Russia’s strategic bombers capable of carrying cruise missiles. Russian defense sources say that while some planes were on fire as a result of the attack, no real damage was done. Some Russian war bloggers, however, are writing as if the damage was major, and video evidence on social media show the destruction of at least some planes.

Dispatch from Kyiv: Ukraine’s daring drone attack gives Trump leverage against Putin

John E. Herbst
Source Link

KYIV—It was a surprising and devastating attack that some hysterical Russian war bloggers are calling the country’s Pearl Harbor. But the assault on Pearl Harbor occurred when there was no war between Japan and the United States.

Having spent the last four nights in a bomb shelter in Odesa and Kyiv as the Kremlin continues its massive missile and drone attacks on Ukraine’s cities, in a war of aggression that Moscow launched, I can assure you that Ukraine had every right to do what it did on June 1: Strike strategic bombers at five bases across the breadth of Russia.

In contrast to Moscow’s targeting of Ukrainian civilians and infrastructure, Ukraine committed no war crime or breach of international law in destroying those Russian planes, which are regularly used against civilians.

Rather than recalling the Pearl Harbor attack, the complexity and boldness of Ukraine’s “Operation Spiderweb”—which involved smuggling drones into Russian regions from Murmansk to Irkutsk, and launching them against advanced Russian Tu-95 and Tu-22 bombers and A-50 intelligence planes—rivals the now legendary Israeli intelligence operation against Hezbollah fighters’ pagers last year. It has underscored once again that ingenuity along with determination are Ukraine’s strategic advantages in stopping Moscow’s war of aggression.

The Irresistible Plan Europeans Can Offer Trump to Save NATO

Rym Momtaz

Strategic Europe offers insightful analysis, fresh commentary, and concrete policy recommendations from some of Europe’s keenest international affairs observers.Learn More

The NATO alliance is at that moment every relationship eventually struggles with. One side knows the other wants to make changes, but keeps pretending like they can avoid having the tough conversation and hence facing the necessary changes.

Many European allies are trying hard to avoid discussing with the United States the capabilities drawdown that could result from the ongoing American Strategic Posture review. The good news is that it is certainly not all Europeans, and fewer of them are in denial than in 2016, when U.S. President Donald Trump was first elected.

But with a month to go before the next NATO Summit, Europeans would collectively improve their stature and value in Trump’s mind if they engage with the U.S. administration on how to coordinate a reduction in American military presence in Europe. Framing burden-shifting in these terms would be evocative for Trump. The idea would be for Europeans to commit to a timetable over the next six to ten years to ramp up capabilities and readiness, to fill the gaps that would remain if the United States chose to withdraw most of its nonstrategic capabilities.

This time around, success won’t be just about maintaining unity on Russia’s threat and avoiding a blow up with Trump: It will be about whether the allies manage to lay stronger and fairer foundations to carry the NATO alliance forward for decades to come. If the Europeans succeed, this summit could become a landmark moment of strength.

On the Brink


Cardiff University, which has a £30 million hole in its budget as is cutting jobs and courses

Back in the summer of 2023 I wrote a post on the developing financial crisis in higher education. Somewhat naively I assumed that because the current trajectory was so clearly unsustainable that a prospective Labour government would have to intervene quickly to stop things getting worse.

They were and are aware of the problem. “University insolvencies” appeared on Sue Gray’s pre-election “shit list” as one of the six worst problems about to be bequeathed to the new government (none of which have been solved).

But Gray is long gone and so far all the government has done is increase university fees by inflation for one year. Which would have been more useful if it hadn’t been immediately eaten up by the rise in employer national insurance contributions.

Unfortunately for universities the “shit list” turned out to be a lot longer than Labour had anticipated and there are more pressing priorities. It doesn’t help that the higher education sector has so few friends these days. Saving universities isn’t high on the list of public concerns and no opposition party is keen to press the issue. Indeed the Conservatives and Reform are happy to continue using HE as a rhetorical punchbag.

In the absence of a strategy Labour figures are starting to join in, with a particular focus on Vice-Chancellor pay. One anonymous “Whitehall source”, in a triumph of clichรฉ, told the Times that:

USVs and UUVs Can Empower Middle Powers Amid China-US Competition

Luke C. Hahn

As technological innovation coincides with regional tensions within the Indo-Pacific, it is evident that autonomous maritime systems will play an active role in the region’s national security architecture. Particularly, unmanned surface vessels (USVs) and unmanned underwater vessels (UUVs) have captivated navies worldwide due to their expansive operational capabilities for relatively low cost. Rising powers in Southeast Asia must bolster these systems to help balance power, especially as China-U.S. competition threatens to destabilize regional autonomy and security.

Around the world, governments have placed greater emphasis on the development and implementation of autonomous systems in their arsenal, in large part due to their usefulness as a battlefield equalizer, especially between smaller militaries and major powers. As seen during Ukraine’s naval campaign in the Black Sea against Russia, USVs can deny adversaries naval maneuverability while providing land forces more precise naval operations from extended distances. They offer strong surveillance, reconnaissance, and direct impact capabilities for relatively cheap.

Pacific naval powers have realized the importance of implementing autonomous systems in their arsenal, with dedicated officers and teams tasked with managing them. The United States, upon passing the 2025 National Defense Authorization Act in December of last year, incorporated the need for “an appropriate official… to have primary responsibility for the development and acquisition of surface and underwater dual-modality, advanced autonomous vehicles, consistent with warfighter requirements.”

Ahead of their 2024 budget, the Japanese Self-Defense Forces increased the number of officials dedicated solely to increasing operational readiness for the introduction of long-endurance UAVs and UUVs. China has also invested heavily in the use of drone technology in conjunction with its strategy of traditional power projection in the South China Sea.

How Ukraine’s ‘Spiderweb’ Drone Attacks May Change Modern Warfare – Analysis

Amos Chapple

On June 1, videos of bomb-laden quadcopters launching from trucks as fires blazed nearby spread through social media after Ukraine’s Security Services launched daylight strikes on air bases throughout Russia that destroyed many of the Kremlin’s long-range aircraft.

Those videos are undoubtedly now being studied in military planning rooms.

“This attack should be a wakeup call to militaries around the world,” Stacie Pettyjohn, the Director of the Defense Program at the Center for a New American Security, told RFE/RL.

“In many ways, the [June 1 attack] was more effective than the ones conducted by Ukrainian long-range drones because the small drones can disperse, navigate to different targets, and precisely hit multiple targets across a large airbase,” the drone expert said.

“The lynchpin of this attack was covert infiltration and operations very close to the airbases, which likely were rather lightly defended because there were few concerns about Ukraine being able to strike this deep [inside Russia],” she added.

It remains unclear where the drones were piloted from, or whether they relied on AI targeting to home in on the Russian aircraft. Ukraine has claimed the roofs of the trucks carrying the hidden drone fleet were opened “remotely” to enable the quadcopters to launch.


Ukraine Says Drones Smuggled Into Russia Wiped Out Dozens Of Long-Range Bombers

RFE RL

Ukraine says it hit dozens of long-range bomber aircraft across Russia with drones that were smuggled in wooden shipping crates carried on truck beds into the country and then launched from nearby locations.

In comments to RFE/RL’s Ukrainian Service, unnamed officials with the Security Service of Ukraine, known as the SBU, claimed as many as 40 bombers may have been hit in the June 1 attack.

The SBU later put out a statement claiming 34 percent of “strategic cruise missile carriers at the main airfields of the Russian Federation” were hit in the attacks with the damages totaling some $7 billion.

The drone operation appears to be a major embarrassment for Russia’s military and intelligence agencies — and the latest in a series of audacious attacks that Ukraine has pulled on Russian soil.

“An absolutely brilliant outcome. And an outcome produced by Ukraine independently,” Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said, noting that the operation had taken more than a year and half to prepare.

“This is our longest-range operation,” he added.

Russian officials had no immediate comment on the claims, but the Defense Ministryissued a statement saying air bases in five different regions had been targeted, and that at two of them “several aircraft caught fire.”


Cybercom’s defensive arm elevated to sub-unified command

Mark Pomerleau

Photo illustration of U.S. Army cyber soldier in operations center. (U.S. Army photo by Tร i Doick)

U.S. Cyber Command’s network defense arm has officially been designated as a sub-unified command.

Congress directed Joint Force Headquarters-Department of Defense Information Network (JFHQ-DODIN) to elevate to a sub-unified command under Cybercom in the fiscal 2025 annual defense policy bill.

JFHQ-DODIN was created in 2015 as a subordinate headquarters under Cyber Command to protect and defend the Pentagon’s network globally. It’s led by a three-star general who also serves in a “dual-hat” role as the director of the Defense Information Systems Agency, a much bigger combat support agency providing critical IT services to warfighters.

Secretary of Defense Pete Hegseth directed that JFHQ-DODIN be designated a sub-unified command, effective immediately May 28, and its name has been changed to Department of Defense Cyber Defense Command (DCDC).
Advertisement

The name change was a recognition of the command’s ability to execute authority, direction and control over cyberspace forces, according to Steve Mavica, a spokesman for DCDC.

Assessment of Gunpowder and Explosives Manufacturing in Russia


Gunpowder production in Russia nearly doubled from 2022 to 2024 due to increased imports and domestic manufacturing of cotton cellulose nitrate. This rise suggests a potential doubling in artillery shell output during the same period.


Russia remains dependent on imported raw materials, particularly cotton pulp and cellulose nitrate, despite ongoing efforts to develop alternatives from linen and hemp. Domestic sourcing challenges hinder self-sufficiency in critical components of gunpowder.


Key chemical inputs for explosives, such as toluene and concentrated nitric acid, have seen noticeable production increases in Russia, reflecting both post-2010s recovery and heightened military demand since 2022, but growth capacity appears limited.


A 17 percent workforce expansion across major explosives and gunpowder plants since 2021, with up to 57 percent increases at some key sites, underpins the rise in production, but further gains are constrained by outdated infrastructure.


Modernization of Russia’s military-industrial complex is underway, but not yet transformative, with Russia focusing on sustaining output rather than achieving exponential growth. Future increases in manufacturing will likely face rising costs and logistical challenges.

The US Army is too light to win

R.D. HOOKER, JR.

How can we have forgotten the terrible lessons of the early 2000s, when losses in Iraq and Afghanistan prompted a scramble to deploy up-armored HMMWVs and Mine Resistant Armor Protected Vehicles? Today’s Army, far lighter than the one that took such damage in so-called “low-intensity combat,” is ill-equipped to deter or contend with the likes of China or Russia.

Let’s take roll of the Army’s 31 active maneuver brigades. Eleven are heavy brigades equipped with tanks and infantry fighting vehicles—well-protected platforms suited to modern war.

Another six brigades are Stryker formations equipped with their eponymous lightly armored, wheeled infantry carriers. Originally called the “interim armored vehicle,” the Stryker was intended to serve only until the arrival of the Future Combat Systems, which imploded instead. From conception, Stryker units have suffered from doctrinal and conceptual confusion. Stryker units carry more dismounted troops than Bradley units, which are intended to fight primarily mounted. But they are infantry carriers, not infantry fighting vehicles. With poor off-road mobility, they are vulnerable to hand-held antiarmor systems, and their units have towed rather than self-propelled artillery. Repeated National Training Center rotations show they cannot survive when employed against armor.

The remaining 14 active maneuver brigades are light infantry formations, cheaper and easier to deploy but, realistically, unable to compete with today’s threat. Under current guidance, they go to war in “infantry squad vehicles”—essentially, unarmored dune buggies without heavy weapons.

Compounding the problem, the commanders of these light brigades have dramatically less firepower than they used to. The recent decision to eliminate the air cavalry squadron from the aviation brigade in Army divisions removes half of each division’s 48 AH-64E attack helicopters, a massive reduction in combat power. Only slightly less dangerous was the Army’s recent decision to deactivate the cavalry squadron in Stryker and light infantry brigades, with their many wheeled vehicles and heavy weapons. The same directive stripped light infantry battalions of their antiarmor/heavy weapons companies: mounted formations armed with automatic grenade launchers, heavy machine guns and heavy antitank systems. These actions removed much of the brigade’s available firepower.

US-Iran Nuclear Talks Stall, Raising Risk Of Escalation And Sanctions – Analysis

Kian Sharifi

(RFE/RL) — As the fifth round of nuclear talks between Iran and the United States wrapped up in Rome earlier this month, the public saw little sign of breakthrough.

But there have been reports about proposals to break the deadlock as Washington is insisting Iran give up uranium enrichment and Tehran rejecting the demand altogether.

Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, who leads Tehran’s negotiating team in the talks, told state media that Iran is reviewing proposals by Omani mediators but did not disclose any details.
Oman’s Pitches

Araqchi briefed the parliamentary National Security and Foreign Policy Committee on May 25, shortly after the latest round of talks concluded in Rome.

Ahmad Bakhshayesh Ardestani, a lawmaker and member of the committee, told Iranian media after the briefing that the Omanis had tabled two proposals.

One suggestion is that Iran suspend its uranium enrichment activities for six months and resume them later. Ardestani said Iran “has not accepted” the proposals.

He said Iran worries that by giving in to the demand, it will encourage the United States to ask for more concessions.

Another proposal is the formation of a regional nuclear consortium that would enhance oversight of Iran’s nuclear activities and reassure the West that Iran remains within agreed enrichment levels.

The proposal was initially reported by Iranian media to have come from Tehran, but Foreign Ministry spokesman Esmail Baqaei denied this.

Free Market Involvement in AI Is the Key to the US Military’s Future Success

Pat Fallon

US military success depends on tapping free market innovation to rapidly develop AI systems and outpace emerging threats.

Houthi Attacks Expose a Costly Gap

For the better part of two years, Houthi drone and missile attacks threatened commercial shipping and US naval assets in the Red Sea. And while Houthi attacks on US assets have subsided for the time being, US Central Command has raised the alarm that the current status quo in terms of recognizing and deterring these threats is unsustainable in the long term.

Not only is it not fiscally possible to continue to spend millions of taxpayer dollars on expensive countermunitions to take down cheap, mass-produced Houthi drones and missiles, but the US military currently lacks a means to develop the AI software needed to quickly locate and counter these attacks.

Funding Delays Hinder AI Progress

As part of its acquisitions process, the Department of Defense needs a way to be able to access different “colors” of money—the varied forms of funding, including research and development, procurement, operations and maintenance, and BA-8—at the speed of relevancy. The DOD needs to be able to quickly access each of the colors to use for AI development when and where it is needed most.

To develop critical AI architecture, we first need access to high-quality data and the software applications to process it. Unlocking varied forms of funding would accelerate private sector development of these essential tools.

Government officials are letting AI do their jobs. Badly

Emily M. Bender, Alex Hanna

Editor’s note: The following is an excerpt from Emily M. Bender and Alex Hanna’s new book, The AI Con, published in May 2025 by Harper. Used with permission.

National, regional, and municipal leaders have become enamored by AI hype, in particular by finding ways to offload the responsibilities of government to generative AI tools. This has included providing tools for guidance to their citizens and residents on how to navigate city ordinances and tax codes,

 translating asylum claims at the border, and providing massive contracts to companies who say they can shore up the lack of well-trained professionals for public health systems. But synthetic text extruding machines are not well suited to handle any of these tasks and have potentially disastrous results, as they can encourage discrimination,

 provide patently wrong advice, and limit access to valid claims of asylum and movement.

In New York City, Mayor Eric Adams (former cop and wannabe tech bro) has thrown resources at technological toys, 

with results ranging from laughably ineffective to dangerous. This includes a short-lived New York City Police Department robot that was meant to patrol the Times Square subway station and needed two uniformed human minders to deter would-be vandalizers. Adams and his administration released a broad-reaching “AI Action Plan” 

that aims to integrate AI tools into many parts of city government, the centerpiece of which was a chatbot that could answer common questions for residents of the Big Apple.