Since 2019, the Party has promoted the construction of a “new national system”—a centrally directed, institutionalized framework for mobilizing state and market resources to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies vital to national power and security.
Beijing sees this system as already delivering results by tightly integrating planning, technical expertise, and real-world application to overcome complex strategic challenges.
Under this model, the central government coordinates top-level missions through Party-led ministries, directing state-owned enterprises, elite research universities, national laboratories, military-affiliated institutes, and emerging tech champions to execute targeted objectives.
These efforts are reinforced by “social resources”—a category that includes private firms, local governments, policy banks, and even venture capital platforms—brought into alignment through political incentives and institutional design.
The system’s performance will shape not only the PRC’s technological trajectory, but also the evolving global balance of innovation and industrial power.
The so-called “new national system” (新型举国体制) is the Party’s own term for a governance model that mobilizes state and market resources to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies essential to national power and security. First formally articulated under Party General Secretary Xi Jinping, it is not a new label for central planning but an evolving mechanism of Party-led strategic coordination in the context of a socialist market economy. Though frequently invoked in the PRC’s policy discourse, the concept remains poorly understood abroad. In Beijing’s own telling, the new national system is a modernization of the old Mao-era approach of concentrating national resources to “accomplish big things” (成大事) with a reengineered structure that links government leadership with enterprise initiative, market incentives, and innovation networks..
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