Saudi Arabia Is Making a Power Play Against Hamas in Gaza

Tom O'Connor

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The campaign comes as U.S.-backed ceasefire talks continue to fail, prompting Riyadh to help rally Western nations toward a new wave of international recognition for Hamas' rival government, the Palestinian National Authority (PA, or PNA), and underlined by the kingdom's decision to sign a statement backed by fellow Arab powers and European nations calling for Hamas' disarmament. These parallel developments have the potential to mark a turning point for Saudi Arabia's role in the conflict.

"Saudi Arabia is now in the driver's seat," Nawaf Obaid, a former special adviser to two Saudi ambassadors and consultant to the Saudi Royal Court, told Newsweek. He argued that "the real challenge lies" today in how Saudi Arabia, "by far the most influential Arab country, both in terms of regional leverage and global diplomacy," would be able to press forward in its bid to gain concessions from both Hamas and Israel, while elevating the West Bank-based PA to a position in which it would be able to preside over a unified Palestinian state.

"The central question that's been lingering for a while now is Saudi Arabia's role—not just in the Middle East, but far beyond it," Obaid, now a senior research fellow at King's College London, said. "Its importance continues to grow, and it's increasingly clear that if a Palestinian state ever emerges, it will be because of Saudi Arabia. That is the key formula that many still haven't fully grasped," he added. Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman listens as U.S. President Donald Trump (not pictured) speaks during the Gulf Cooperation Council Summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, on May 14. Alex Brandon/AP

The Balance of Pressure

Saudi Arabia's relationship with the Israeli-Palestinian conflict was forged early on in the history of the kingdom. Saudi Arabia, which was proclaimed by founder King Ibn Saud in 1932, was among the Arab nations to reject the United Nations' Israeli-Palestinian partition plan in 1947 and send troops to battle the newly declared Israel the following year. While Saudi Arabia's military role would remain limited in the following decades, the ruling House of Saud remained a major player in Arab views toward the conflict, having cultivated a unique level of regional influence, boosted by its custodianship of Islam's two holiest sites of Mecca and Medina.