As the war in Ukraine redefines the requirements of modern industrial warfare, this report analyses how Kyiv has maintained and scaled defence production through sectoral restructuring, battlefield-driven innovation and flexible sourcing. It explores the growing relevance of Indo-Pacific partners and the broader implications for Europe’s resilience, supply chains and defence-industrial planning.
The war in Ukraine has become the most significant real-world case demonstrating how modern states can generate, scale and adapt defence-industrial capacity during a prolonged period of high-intensity warfare. Ukraine’s ability to sustain and expand output under wartime conditions reflects three overlapping developments: the restructuring of its domestic defence sector, the rapid adaptation and diversification of supply chains, and the emergence of new industrial partnerships beyond Europe. Ukraine has shifted toward more resilient sourcing arrangements and global technology markets, as reliance on Russian and Chinese-origin components became untenable. Within this environment, South Korea, Japan and Taiwan have become indirect but strategically relevant contributors, while China remains both a critical supplier and a mounting geopolitical constraint.
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