4 December 2025

Little Spartans: How Small State Militaries Use Special Forces to Punch Above Their Weight

Óglaigh na hÉireann, 

Dr. Simon Anglim teaches in the Department of War Studies, King's College London, where he specialises in contemporary war and warfare. He has testified before the UK House of Commons Defence Committee and participated in the drawing up of UK Ministry of Defence doctrine. His current research focuses on the state of UK defence policy in the 2020s, particularly in the fields of land warfare and special forces. His interest in special forces and unconventional warfare originated in his previous research on Major General Orde Wingate, a man whose unorthodox methods heavily influenced the ethos and doctrine of special forces, particularly in the UK and Israel. He is the author of Orde Wingate: Unconventional Warrior: From the 1920s to the Twenty-First Century (Pen and Sword Military, 2015).

Aggressive competition between great powers is once again the main steering force in global affairs. With increasingly predatory behaviour from Russia, China and Iran, and a more transactional USA less willing to be ‘global policeman’, small states around the world need to develop their own means of pursuing defence and security policy aims more than ever, particularly if they lay in regions where this competition is happening. We examine here how some small states have done this by using particular types of military unit, defined broadly as Special Forces, to achieve policy aims which may seem beyond their capacity.

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