Larry W. Schwartz
Since its inception in 2007, the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue—the strategic partnership between Australia, India, Japan, and the United States—has struggled to define a clear purpose beyond counterbalancing China. Despite regular summits and growing rhetorical alignment, the grouping has largely fallen short of delivering tangible economic cooperation.
The Quad was revived in 2017 during the first Trump administration to create a more unified Indo-Pacific security strategy. The Biden administration then elevated the Quad to leader-level summits and broadened its agenda beyond security. The 2024 Wilmington Declaration marked a turning point, committing the four nations to deeper collaboration on clean energy supply chains as part of a wider focus on energy security and economic resilience.
Larry W. Schwartz is a senior advisor at Pollination Group and the CEO of infrastructure developer Kitfield Group. He was previously appointed to the U.S. Commerce Department’s U.S.-Brazil CEO Forum in the first Trump administration.
Narayan Subramanian is the former director for energy transition at the White House National Security Council and advisor to U.S. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm in the Biden administration. He is currently a nonresident fellow at Columbia University’s Center on Global Energy Policy and the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
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