30 November 2025

The End of the Longest Peace?

Graham Allison and James A. Winnefeld

The past eight decades have been the longest period without a war between great powers since the Roman Empire. This anomalous era of extended peace came after two catastrophic wars, each of which was so much more destructive than prior conflicts that historians found it necessary to create an entirely new category to describe them: world wars. Had the rest of the twentieth century been as violent as the preceding two millennia, the lifetimes of nearly everyone alive today would have been radically different.

The absence of great-power wars since 1945 did not happen by accident. A large measure of grace.

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