6 February 2026

Disinformation and deepfakes: Improving crisis communications in India and Pakistan

Qamar Shahzad Rajoka

The four-day military crisis between India and Pakistan in May 2025 became even more dangerous when both countries integrated disinformation and fake images into their conventional warfighting. The speedy generation of false information and realistic deepfakes, aided by AI, made it difficult to verify what was really happening during the crisis. Even reputable journalists, government officials, and politicians were misled by fabricated content shared as authentic battlefield footage. 

Such material might not trigger a crisis, but it can dangerously intensify one. The type of synthetic data that was unleashed during the May 2025 crisis poses two big challenges in South Asia: strategic confusion and the danger of reading the other side wrong. Fortunately, there are several policies that can help counter viral disinformation within the nuclear dyad of India and Pakistan. The 2025 crisis. Disinformation spreads faster than correct information. That makes it extremely hard to verify narratives emerging on social media. Respected figures who have many followers on social media can unwittingly spread fake news to large audiences who accept the information as truth.

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