Frank Jacobs
Frank Jacobs shifts attention from maritime geography to industrial capacity. The real strategic lesson is that control of processing may matter more than control of deposits. The weakness is that it risks sounding too deterministic, because technology, substitution, recycling, and new refining capacity could still loosen China’s grip over time.
If Chinese refineries are the real chokepoints of the next energy era, what should be the first priority for U.S. strategy: domestic refining, allied diversification, or demand reduction through innovation and substitution? Does this transition actually reduce geopolitical vulnerability, or does it simply move the world from one form of dependence on the Middle East to another form of dependence on China?
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