20 March 2026

You Can’t Stockpile AI: Military Advantage in the Age of Algorithmic Diffusion

Kyle Dotterrer

Artificial intelligence will reshape how wars are fought, and the United States enters this era with genuine advantages. American companies build the most capable models in the world. US-based chip designers dominate the advanced semiconductor supply chain. Private investment in AI flows into American firms at a rate that dwarfs every other nation. These are real strengths, and they underpin a reasonable belief that the United States leads the global AI competition. The confidence borne of this belief, however, rests on an assumption that deserves scrutiny: that breakthroughs made in American labs translate into durable, exclusive military advantage. In previous technology competitions, the path from discovery to adversary replication was measured in years or decades. In AI, that timeline is compressed to months or even weeks, and this reality undermines this assumption.

The underlying reason for this compression is idea fluidity: The core algorithmic innovations that power AI capabilities diffuse rapidly and freely across borders through open publications, open-source model releases, and the global movement of AI researchers. When ideas cannot be hoarded, the factors that determine who holds advantage in AI shift from who discovers the breakthrough to who commands the resources to build on breakthroughs and field them fastest. Those factors—compute infrastructure, talent, and the organizational capacity to adopt AI at speed and scale—tell a more competitive story than the headline narrative of American dominance suggests. They also illuminate a path toward durable AI superiority for military applications.

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