In the heart of contemporary conflicts, alongside tanks, drones and troops, an invisible, silent and often underestimated war is being fought: cyber war.
It is not just a futuristic scenario or a hypothetical threat. It is reality. From the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, to the parallel attacks that occurred during the clash between Israel and Hamas, to the recent tensions between Israel and Iran, cyberspace has now become a real battlefield.
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Cyberspace as a new domain of warfare
Cyberspace is no longer just the environment where computer fraud, child pornography dissemination or unauthorized access are carried out. It has been officially recognized by NATO as the fifth domain of warfare, alongside land, sea, air and space. This means that offensive and defensive operations conducted through information systems can have the same strategic and geopolitical weight as conventional attacks.
In the context of international relations, cyber warfare is distinct from other digital activities such as cyber crime, info warfare, cyber terrorism or state digital surveillance.
Here we are talking about real attacks carried out by one State against another, with the aim of destabilizing, sabotaging or strategic acquisition of sensitive data.
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