Benjamin Jensen
Iran has adopted a multidomain punishment campaign to counter U.S. and Israeli attacks. An oil tanker does not have to sink for a weakened Iran to gain leverage. It only has to turn around. A liquefied natural gas terminal does not have to be destroyed by a barrage of drones. It only has to stop loading ships long enough to jolt markets, raise insurance costs, and create enough economic pain among energy-importing states to pressure the United States and Israel to end military strikes. From missiles to cyber-enabled wiper attacks that destroy computer systems and botnets that amplify propaganda, coercion takes many forms in modern war.
This is the logic of a multidomain punishment campaign. When a state cannot win a direct military contest, it looks for ways to impose costs indirectly by holding civilian and economic systems at risk from multiple domains. The goal is not battlefield decision. It is political pressure: to make the costs of continuing a campaign feel larger, wider, and harder to control. The objective transcends brute force and simply destroying critical infrastructure to create psychological and political pressure.
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