Neil Quilliam and Sanam Vakil
Israel and the United States may have launched the war on Iran. But it is the Gulf Arab states that have borne the brunt of Tehran’s response. Since February 28, the Islamic Republic has rained down missiles and drones on Gulf hotels and airports. It has hit their oil and gas infrastructure. National energy companies in Bahrain, Kuwait, and Qatar have declared force majeure because they cannot fulfill their contractual obligations.
For the Gulf countries, this conflict has been a reckoning. Although they are not saying it publicly, the war has caused leaders throughout the region to reassess their relationship with the United States and its president, Donald Trump. Many Gulf monarchs had welcomed the reelection of Trump because they liked his transactional foreign policy style. Unlike other recent presidents, Trump paid little heed to the Gulf’s spotty human rights record and was happy to advance economic deals without concern for conflicts of interest. Some Gulf governments even felt they had sway over Trump: in May 2025, for example, Saudi Arabia persuaded him to lift sanctions on Syria and to back the country’s new president.
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