18 June 2026

Musk’s war on European democracy: How to open up X and fight back

European Council on Foreign Relations  |  José Ignacio Torreblanca

Elon Musk has escalated his campaign against European democracies, using X to destabilize governments and empower the far right. He has called the British prime minister a criminal, backed a far-right party, amplified fabricated statistics, and boosted Germany's Alternative for Germany party ahead of the 2025 federal election, spreading a fabricated quote that garnered 21 million views.

Musk also attacked Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez. The EU possesses legal architecture via the Digital Markets Act and Digital Services Act for two unused remedies: mandatory interoperability, requiring X to open user connections to third-party providers, and mandatory algorithmic choice, offering alternatives to Musk's recommendation engine. These measures would break Musk's control over content curation and moderation, allowing independent developers and fact-checkers to offer alternative content filters. A coordinated UK-EU response, implementing structural platform remedies, would strengthen European Commission efforts. The EU's reluctance to apply its disinformation framework to US-origin interference, despite Musk's actions being more consequential than Russian operations, is indefensible.

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