Two Koreas Struggle to End Military Standoff

By ALASTAIR GALE

Aug. 23, 2015 

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SEOUL—Talks between North and South Korea to end a military standoff ran through the night and into Monday, with Seoul accusing Pyongyang of trying to increase its leverage by deploying large numbers of submarines and artillery.

South Korean President Park Geun-hye indicated that negotiators had made little progress in defusing tensions, issuing a fresh call on North Korea to apologize for attacks earlier this month that sparked this latest crisis between the Cold-War rivals.

“We need a clear apology and measures to prevent a recurrence of these provocations and tense situations,” Ms. Park told her top aides during a Monday meeting, her office said. She added that Seoul intended to continue anti-Pyongyang broadcasts over loudspeaker across the border that have angered North Korea’s government.

Adding to tensions, South Korea’s Defense Ministry said on Sunday that around 70% of Pyongyang’s submarines were away from their bases in an unusually large deployment. North Korea has also doubled its artillery strength near the border since Friday, a ministry spokesman said.

Amid 'Quasi State of War,' North, South Korea Hold First High-Level Talks in a Year

By Shannon Tiezzi

August 23, 2015

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It’s been a rough August so far for inter-Korea relations. On August 4, two Republic of Korea soldiers were maimed in a landmine explosion at the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) between the two Koreas. The ROK determined that North Korea had planted the mines and, in retaliation, Seoul resumed its propaganda broadcasts near the border. On August 20, North Korea fired a shell across the DMZ, apparently aiming at the loudspeakers broadcasting South Korea’s anti-North propaganda. The South responded in kind. North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has since famously declared that his country’s armed forces along the militarized zone must “enter a wartime state to be fully battle ready.”

Why the $1,000,000,000,000 F-35 Stealth Fighter Might Be Good Enough

Michael Peck

August 23, 2015

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The jet fighter can’t maneuver, the critics say. It’s based on a wrongheaded concept. It relies on unproved technologies. It’s a one-size-fits-all jet for the Air Force, Navy and Marines, and yet it doesn't really meet any of their needs.

Is this Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Joint Strike Fighter I’m describing? No, it’s actually the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II, the ubiquitous fighter-bomber, reconnaissance and radar-hunting aircraft that formed the backbone of U.S., NATO and Israeli air power in the 1960s and 1970s. More than 50 years later, the Phantom still flies, as evident when Syrian gunners downed a Turkish RF-4 recon plane last year.

While the Phantom still has many fans, it also had quite a few detractors. And many of those complaints are eerily similar to the criticisms now aimed at the Joint Strike Fighter. Is the F-4 a guide to what we can expect from the F-35?

The F-111 parallel

0 Years of Military Mediocrity

William J. Astore Become a fan

18/08/2015

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Thomas Jefferson Hall, West Point’s library and learning center, prominently features two quotations for cadets to mull over. In the first, Jefferson writes George Washington in 1788: “The power of making war often prevents it, and in our case would give efficacy to our desire of peace.” In the second, Jefferson writes Thomas Leiper in 1815: “I hope our wisdom will grow with our power, and teach us that the less we use our power, the greater it will be.”

Two centuries ago, Jefferson’s points were plain and clear, and they remain so today: while this country desired peace, it had to be prepared to wage war; and yet the more it avoided resorting to raw military power, the more it would prosper.

Have America’s military officers and politicians learned these lessons? Obviously not. In the twenty-first century, the U.S. unquestionably ranks number one on this planet in its preparations for waging war -- we got that message loud and clear -- but we’re also number one in using that power aggressively around the globe, weakening our nation in the process, just as Jefferson warned.

'The old soldier will survive, but will never forget this insult'

A selection of readers' opinions over the past week.

One Rank One Pension

The Narendra Modi government has insulted retired soldiers – a sin it should pay for by being relentlessly hounded out of power by concerted public action at all levels ("If Modi was going to let down OROP protesters, he should at least have appealed to their honour"). I never imagined that the Prime Minister would become so swollen-headed so quickly.

The old soldier will survive on whatever he has, but he will never forget the insult of passive protesters being physically assaulted. – Revti Raman

OROP is becoming a serious matter of national concern. I don't understand what pleasure the BJP is deriving by opposing the scheme. Keeping national interest at heart is what matters. The Prime Minister, his advisors and BJP leaders are enjoying watching a 'mela' unfold at Jantar Mantar.

The reality has been expressed by former Chiefs of Army Staff, who understand the pain of soldiers fighting wars without modern machinery and other provisions.

US-India Aircraft Carrier Working Group Meets

By Ankit Panda

August 22, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/us-india-aircraft-carrier-working-group-meets/

A few South Asia-focused defense and security-focused links to wrap up your week:

U.S.-India aircraft carrier working group meets for the first time. For the first time, a group comprising high-level officials from both the United States and India convened in Washington last week to begin what Reuters describes as “an ongoing series of meetings aimed at establishing broader cooperation on the design, development and production of aircraft carriers.” As I’ve discussed in The Diplomat before, both the United States and India have a lot to gain from collaboration on aircraft carrier. Specifically, should U.S. technology, including nuclear propulsion and electromagnetic aircraft launch systems (EMALS), find their way into India’s second indigenous aircraft carrier, the INS Vishal, the Indian Navy could have the most sophisticated carrier fleets in Asia. For the moment, U.S.-India carrier cooperation is in its preliminary stages–as part of this initial working group meeting, U.S. officials took their Indian counterparts to the U.S. naval shipyard where the USS Gerald R. Ford, the first U.S. Ford-class carrier, is being built.

India Seeks ‘Auspicious Re-Birth’ in Iran’s Energy Sector

By Micha'el Tanchum

August 21, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/india-seeks-auspicious-re-birth-in-irans-energy-sector/

After Iran had rejected India’s early May offer to develop of Iran’s Farzad-B offshore natural gas block, New Dehli is making a renewed new effort to woo Tehran’s approval. ONGC Videsh Ltd. (OVL), the overseas arm of India’s state-owned Oil and Natural Gas Corporation reportedly is now prepared to make concessions on cost recovery and capital expenditure to secure the Farzad-B contract. Under pressure from the United States during the sanctions regime, India delayed and ultimately relinquished Farzad’s development and also withdrew from the Iran-Pakistan-India pipeline project slated to bring 11.3 billion cubic meters of Iranian natural gas per year to India. In Persian, the name Farzad means “auspicious birth.” With a recently proposed Iran-Oman-India undersea gas pipeline potentially in the offing, New Delhi is hoping for an “auspicious re-birth” in Iran’s natural gas industry by seeking to regain the Farzad development project.

AFGHANISTAN AND THE REGION

by Phunchok Stobdan

22 August 2015 

http://www.stratscope.com/security/national-policies/afghanistan-and-the-region/

In its 16 March 2015 Resolution 2210 (2015) extending the mandate of United Nations Assistance Mission for Afghanistan (UNAMA), the UN Security Council drew an optimistic scenario for the country.

From all angles, Afghanistan is a transformed place: a robust unity government; stronger security force; better living standards; higher GDP growth; better schools for children and greater presence of women in the workforce.

It further noted that Afghanistan is free of al-Qaeda training camps, the Taliban is subdued, and there is an improved atmosphere in its ties with Pakistan.

Not every observer is, however, convinced that Afghanistan is stable. The Unity Government, created to end the crisis set off by widespread election fraud, remains inherently divided and fragile. Power sharing among coalition groups remains hung up due to delay and differences.

The Hurriyat flip-flop: Why can't Delhi get its Kashmir policy straight?

Ipsita Chakravarty 

Separatist politics cannot be wished away. If Delhi wants to steer the conversation, it needs to start engaging with separatist leaders once more

Delhi has a real talent for playing spoilsport when it comes to Kashmir. National Security Advisor Ajit Doval and his Pakistani counterpart, Sartaj Aziz, are scheduled to meet on Sunday, resuming a crucial bilateral dialogue after a year of stony silence. But when it was revealed that Pakistan High Commissioner Abdul Basit had also invited Kashmiri separatist leaders to call on Aziz, Delhi suddenly looked stormy. The talks seemed uncertain. And now the meeting is being described as an operational exercise with only terror on the table, not a wide ranging diplomatic engagement.

August 2014 seems to be playing loop with a few plot changes. Back then, Delhi had called off foreign secretary level talks altogether when it learnt that Basit had rendezvoused with separatist leaders of the Hurriyat. The Centre had warned of the “red line” that should not be crossed. This year, security experts in the capital called the invitation to Hurriyat leaders an “irritant” to talks. Then on Thursday, the government took the mystifying decision to place Hurriyat leaders under house arrest for a few hours.

Captured militant Naved's interrogation report to figure in NSA level talks with Pak

Today's major developments.

Ajit Doval to be briefed on Pakistan militant’s interrogation

Ahead of the NSA-level talks between India and Pakistan, NIA chief Sharad Kumar will brief National Security Advisor AK Doval on the progress made in interrogating alleged Pakistani militant Mohammed Naved Yakub. Kumar flew down to Srinagar on Thursday to review the interrogation reports of Naved, who was captured by locals after the terror strike on a BSF bus at Udhampur in Jammu that killed two personnel of the border guarding force. "Kumar briefed the Governor about the working of NIA, which has been established as the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency of Government of India, and about the up-to-date status of the investigation in the recent Udhampur terror attack," a spokesman for the Raj Bhawan said. Meanwhile, Doval met Home Minister Rajnath Singh after it became clear that Sartaz Aziz will meet Kashmiri separatist leaders during his visit to New Delhi on 23 August.

Pakistan rejects India’s advisory over meeting Kashmiri separatists ahead of NSA’s visit

Today's major developments.

Separatists reaffirm intention to meet Aziz

Pakistan on Friday rejected India’s advisory asking it to not meet with separatist groups from Jammu and Kashmir, two days ahead of Pakistani National Security Adviser Sartaj Aziz’s visit to New Delhi. Islamabad said that it was “deeply disappointed” with India over what it called the country's “pre-conditions” for talks between Aziz and his Indian counterpart, Ajit Doval. A senior Pakistani diplomat said that India could not expect its neighbour to “compromise on this central issue”. Meanwhile, separatist groups, including the Syed Ali Shah Geelani-led Hurriyat Conference, reaffirmed their intention to meet with Aziz, saying that the Indian government had adopted an “unrealistic approach” to talks with Pakistan. Moderate Hurriyat chairperson Mirwaiz Umar Farooq further said that it made no sense for Pakistan to not meet with the separatists since Kashmir was the cause of the primary dispute between India and Pakistan. Later, while both neighbours ruled out cancelling the talks, Indian Ministry of External Affairs Spokesperson Vikas Swarup said that the two countries were yet to decide on the agenda for the meeting between Aziz and Doval.

Modi says fighting climate change a ‘national priority’

Will the Iran-Pakistan Gas Pipeline Really Go Ahead?

By Muhammad Akbar Notezai

August 21, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/will-the-iran-pakistan-gas-pipeline-really-go-ahead/

Last month, Iran reached a landmark nuclear agreement with the P5+1. Speculation soon followed that the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline would benefit from the nuclear deal. The Economic Times meanwhile reported that India was “set to push for the proposed $7 billion gas pipeline from Iran via Pakistan,” now that restrictions were likely to ease in the wake of the nuclear deal.

However, the U.S. State Department said recently that sanctions on the Iran pipeline project still existed. A spokesperson also told reporters that, “We don’t consider Iran open for business yet, and there’s no new sanctions relief beyond the very limited relief under the joint plan of action that’s been in place since January 2014.” He added, “When Iran meets its key nuclear steps and we get to implementation day, then there will be commensurate relief of nuclear-related sanctions.”

Confirmed: Pakistan Is Buying New Attack Helicopters From Russia

By Franz-Stefan Gady

August 21, 2015

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In a move possibly inspired by the deepening of U.S.-India defense cooperation, Russia decided to approve the sale of four Mi-35M attack helicopters to Pakistan The Express Tribune reports.

“An agreement was signed between Pakistan and Russian authorities in Rawalpindi for the purchase of four Mi-35 helicopters,” according to a senior Pakistani military official quoted in The Express Tribune.

The military official did not offer details on the planned delivery date of the aircraft or the helicopters’ technical configuration. The deal was likely concluded during Chief of Army Staff General Raheel Sharif’s visit to Russia in June of this year.

Initial talks over the purchase of the helicopters were already held last June. “We are currently holding consultations. We are talking about Mi-35 helicopters, we plan to supply them at the request of the Pakistani anti-drug trafficking agency,” a Russian official said back then. Pakistan plans to officially use the helicopters to fight drug trafficking.

Vietnam Warns of Coming Economic Bombshell for Mainland Southeast Asia

By Luke Hunt

August 21, 2015

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Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar are the poorest, least well-run countries within ASEAN. They are also notoriously publicity-shy. Anything negative that needs to be shared is usually served-up amid a flurry of bureaucratic dogma that tends to bury the bad news. The messages are still there, but one needs to pay attention.

And it’s worth adding that there is nothing that could be less appealing to a newspaper editor – even a communist one – than a gathering of bureaucrats for a discussion about “budgets and oversights” at a joint workshop for ASEAN’s most economically challenged.

Recently, it was at such a function that the head of the National Assembly’s Committee for Finance and Budget, Phung Quoc Hien, underscored that “any changes in the global economy would have huge impacts on developing countries like Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Myanmar.”

Yes, Hanoi said “huge impacts.” And it’s worth more than the passing notice it barely got while buried on the webpages of the state-owned Vietnam News Service (VNS).

Ready for Take-Off: China Steers Course Between Prestige and Profit

By Bernhard Zand

Source Link

China's slowing economy has German industry worried about its exports to Asia. But as it goes about beefing up the transportation sector, the country poses a completely different threat in the longer-term.

For a military site, the Dachang Air Base in the northern part of Shanghai has a very civilian appearance, a little like the campus of an American university, with widely spaced bungalows and buildings, plane trees, ponds, lawns and the Volvos, Jeeps and Buicks of employees.

Along with several assistants, aviation engineer Li Jieke, 66, a tall, elegant man, is giving a tour of the grounds along with an assistant. Foreigners are an uncommon sight here, and foreign journalists are especially rare. "No photos, please," says Li, as we approach the airfield, where several People's Liberation Army jet fighter are parked in formation. "Let's take a drive over to our building instead, to the civilian aircraft."

In Dr. Li's hangar, photographs are only permitted in selected locations, and only from specific angles. The ARJ21 Xiangfeng is being assembled there. It is China's first domestically developed modern airliner, the pride of its engineers and the hope of its aviation industry. ARJ stands for "Advanced Regional Jet," and Xiangfeng means "Flying Phoenix." The number 21 stands for the 21st century.

Post-Soviet States Jostle For Role in China's New Silk Road Project

Alexander Gabuev 

Aug 17, 2015

Following an initially cool reception, many former USSR republics have been lured by the sheer size of China’s investment in the OBOR project, with a number of them now keen to capitalise on the wider initiative in line with their own domestic interests

The goal of the Eurasianists

This article originally appeared at Hong Kong TDC. The author is Chairman of the deftly titled “Russia in Asia-Pacific Program” at the Carnegie Moscow Center

When Xi Jinping, the Chinese President, made his now famous speech in Astana [the capital of Kazakhstan] in September 2013, announcing the launch of the Silk Road Economic Belt, few post-Soviet leaders took notice. The language of the speech was too vague and the content of Xi’s proposals too imprecise to create any meaningful response. As the project matured, however, more attention was paid in all 15 capitals of the former USSR republics.

Questions were raised, though, both about China’s internal motivation and about the future routes. Chinese officials’ general responses to direct requests and the frequently changing maps of the future routes (published by Xinhua, China’s state-owned news agency) didn’t offer much in the way of transparency with regard to the initiative.

Should the Philippines’ South China Sea Case Against China Proceed?

By Sean Mirski

August 21, 2015

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Two and a half years ago, the Philippines took an unprecedented step to shake up the territorial dispute roiling the waters of the South China Sea. For years, six nations – including the Philippines and China –have wrestled over control of a smattering of islands and reefs dotting the oceanic expanse. At times, the dispute has been heated, even violent, but it largely played out within the four corners of the sea itself. That changed when Manila brought the dispute into the halls of the Peace Palace, the home of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. The island nation legalized the conflict by instituting arbitral proceedings against China, essentially suing Beijing for its allegedly aggressive and “unlawful” behavior in the South China Sea.

The case has meant much to many. To the Philippines, it bears out “the conviction that principles trump power; that law triumphs over force; and that right prevails over might.” Others have suggested that the suit implicates the vitality of the maritime dispute settlement system, or even that it is really a case about the validity of international law itself.

A Chinese Rights Revolution Reversed?

By Peter Lorentzen and Suzanne Scoggins

August 21, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/a-chinese-rights-revolution-reversed/

The recent roundup of over 200 rights lawyers in China was greeted with shock in the U.S. But to us, it is not surprising. For all its exhortations for citizens to “use the law as your weapon,” our research indicates that the Communist Party never meant to foster a bona fide rights movement.

For years many China watchers saw signs that China was moving in the direction of political liberalization, if slowly. While political reforms have been less dramatic than the better-known story of economic reform, these changes raised hopes that China would pursue a path of gradual political reform that would soften its autocracy and perhaps lead to real democracy.

Journalists began reporting on social problems once verboten. Legislators started to think of themselves as serving and representing constituents, not just the Party. Village heads are now (mostly) chosen by (more-or-less) fair elections. And lawyers became emboldened to help citizens defend their rights against the party-state.

Pentagon Denounces 'Excessive Maritime Claims' in the South China Sea

By Shannon Tiezzi

August 21, 2015

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A new report from the U.S. Department of Defense, entitled “The Asia-Pacific Maritime Security Strategy,” provides the clearest look to-date at the U.S. military’s view of the maritime situation in the Asia-Pacific region, particularly the maritime disputes in the South China Sea.

The report includes a detailed section on land reclamation in the South China Sea. While it references earlier efforts by the Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Taiwan, the bulk of the analysis focuses on China’s recent activities. The Pentagon reports that from December 2013 to June 2015, China “reclaimed more than 2,900 acres of land… accounting for approximately 95 percent of all reclaimed land in the Spratlys.” That’s up nearly 50 percent over a previous Pentagon estimate in May, which said China has reclaimed about 2,000 acres.

Will China Take Over US Military Facility in Djibouti?

By Shannon Tiezzi

August 21, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/will-china-take-over-us-military-facility-in-djibouti/

Want China Times has the juiciest story of the week, with its report that the United States is being ordered to vacate the town in Djibouti that China is eyeing for a military base. Citing Global Times and Counter Punch, Want China Times says that “Djibouti reportedly ordered the U.S. to vacate the Obock military base so that it can be turned over the People’s Liberation Army.” The United States’ actual permanent base in Djibouti is at Camp Lemonnier; Obock is a port city with an existing airport and naval pier.

Washington is reportedly deeply concerned about the move, which would give China its first-ever overseas base — one that incorporates U.S.-built facilities. In 2009, the U.S. unveiled a new, $14 million naval pier facility in Obock, with both civilian and military sections. “The military portion includes a 90-meter maritime platform, a head office, an administrative and berthing structure, fully-automated gas and firefighting systems as well as water and fuel storage facilities,” the U.S. Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa reported at the time.

Is This China and Russia's "Nonaggression Pact” for Cyberspace?

Elaine Korzak

August 21, 2015

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On May 8, 2015, the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China signed a bilateral agreement on cooperation in the field of international information security. The treaty, which some have dubbed a “nonaggression pact” for cyberspace, details cooperative measures both governments pledge to undertake, including exchange of information and increased scientific and academic cooperation. With this, Russia and China continue to advance their vision of “information security,” a view of security concerns in cyberspace that is markedly differentfrom Western approaches of “cybersecurity.”

Many observers have characterized the agreement as a largely political move at a time of heightened tensions with the United States and Europe. The alignment of Russia and China is seen as a response to growing Western pressure. Accordingly, Russia’s pivot to the East follows Western sanctions over its actions in Ukraine.

The Game-Changing Iran Report That Bibi Fears

J.J. Goldberg

August 21, 2015

http://forward.com/opinion/319515/the-game-changing-iran-report-that-wasnt/

Israel’s military intelligence corps has given Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu a surprising report assessing the opportunities and threats that the Iran nuclear deal poses for Israel.

What’s startling about the report is not its substance, which is mostly a predictable mix of standard arguments presented for and against the deal: No nukes for 10 years, which gives Israel time to develop new countermeasures, but then a quick path to a nuke after a decade; an accelerated regional arms race, plus new legitimacy for pariah Iran, but also (surprisingly) a reduced likelihood of Iran attacking Israel. The upsides aren’t perfect. The downsides aren’t unmanageable.

No, what’s remarkable about the report is the fact that it exists. Netanyahu has ordered every level of Israeli officialdom to muzzle any discussion of the deal’s possible upsides. Central to his strategy is his insistence that the deal is an unmitigated catastrophe. Orders are to depict it as so ruinous that no outcome is acceptable short of its absolute defeat.

The prime minister and his allies insist Israel is united behind his unequivocal rejection of the deal. The cowering silence of the political opposition has helped him nurture the myth. But it’s a myth.

Tajikistan, Turkey and the Gülen Movement

By Samantha Brletich

August 21, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/tajikistan-turkey-and-the-gulen-movement/

Tajikistan has become the latest Central Asian country to close schools linked to the Gülen movement, a global religious and social movement founded in 1992 by the controversial U.S.-based Turkish Imam Fethullah Gülen. The charter schools, which have operated with the support of the Tajikistan-based Salale Education Institution, have faced considerable resistance over the last two years, and have been under investigation since January 2015. The decision to close the schools was announced by President Emomali Rahmon in May. It is a decision that signals further religious oppression and reflects the emerging partnership between Tajikistan and Turkey.

The Gülen movement, also known as the Hizmet Service, opened its first school in 1982. Today, it is believed to operate more than 1,000 schools worldwide. That number is set to decrease because of school closures in Turkey and other countries. Fethullah Gülen was influenced by the teachings of Kurdish theologian Said Nursi and focuses on compatibility and cohesiveness between modernity, education, and Islam in Turkey and abroad. The movement is a form of cultural Islam. Gülen emphasizes math and science, and promotes entrepreneurism and capitalism. The schools are funded by Turkish businessmen and foundations (vakif).

Who Are Uzbeks in Syria Fighting For?

By Catherine Putz

August 22, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/who-are-uzbeks-in-syria-fighting-for/

Some good Central Asia reads for the weekend:

First, Joanna Paraszczuk has an excellent report on a Taliban-aligned Uzbek militant fighter in Syria who reached out to RFE/RL (via Whatsapp of all methods) specifically to express his group’s opposition to ISIS. The man, who claimed to be a member of Imam Bukhori Jamaat, told RFE/RL “IS is a group with a false ‘aqidah’[Islamic creed]. Its leader [Abu Bakr] al-Baghdadi is a person who likes to indulge in pleasures, he is a depraved person.”

While the militant’s comments have to be taken with all due skepticism (for example, he boasts that Imam Bukhori Jamaat has 6,000 Uzbeks, a number that Paraszczuk notes is nearly impossible to independently verify), it does help illustrate the complex array of militant groups fighting in Syria to which Uzbeks from throughout the former Soviet Union are drawn.

Next, a brief from PONARS Eurasia by Caress Schenk looks at labor migration within the Eurasian Economic Union. Even established free labor zones, like the European Union, face some difficulties regarding actual freedom of movement between countries, but the Eurasian Economic Union countries have a history of domestic regulations blocking free movement even when multilateral agreements provide for it:

Russia and the Cold War Warriors

James NixeyHead, Russia and Eurasia Programme

21 August 2015

Source Link

Those who warn of a resurgent Russia are often accused of ignoring the fact that the Cold War is over. But it is those who still believe that Moscow is entitled to influence over post-Soviet countries that are stuck in the past.

Bottles of wine depicting former Soviet leader Joseph Stalin on display in a shop in Tbilisi, Georgia. Photo by Getty Images.

‘Cold War warrior’ is a moniker often directed at those who are critical of Russia’s actions abroad and believe it is necessary to adopt a firm response. To hold such views is, for a vocal minority, to be living in the last century and to refuse to accept that the old Soviet enemy has gone.

Those who are uncomfortable with reproach and/or robust policies toward Russia can be grouped in four analytical categories, which sometimes overlap in practice and which all have one thing in common – they view the post-Soviet states as something ‘lesser’. Lesser than, say, Poland; and certainly lesser than Russia.

Four categories

U.S. Told Ukraine to Stand Down as Putin Invaded

By Josh Rogin, Eli Lake

AUG 21, 2015

Source Link

As Russian President Vladimir Putin's forces took over Ukraine's Crimean peninsula in early 2014, the interim Ukrainian government was debating whether or not to fight back against the "little green men" Russia had deployed. But the message from the Barack Obama administration was clear: avoid military confrontation with Moscow.

The White House's message to Kiev was advice, not an order, U.S. and Ukrainian officials have recently told us, and was based on a variety of factors. There was a lack of clarity about what Russia was really doing on the ground. The Ukrainian military was in no shape to confront the Russian Spetsnaz (special operations) forces that were swarming on the Crimean peninsula. Moreover, the Ukrainian government in Kiev was only an interim administration until the country would vote in elections a few months later. Ukrainian officials told us that other European governments sent Kiev a similar message.

But the main concern was Russian President Vladimir Putin.

As U.S. officials told us recently, the White House feared that if the Ukrainian military fought in Crimea, it would give Putin justification to launch greater military intervention in Ukraine, using similar logic to what Moscow employed in 2008 when Putin invaded large parts of Georgia in response to a pre-emptive attack by the Tbilisi government. Russian forces occupy two Georgian provinces to this day.

Forget plagiarism: there’s a new and bigger threat to academic integrity

Adele Thomas, 

Aug 20, 2015

Source Link

Managing the newest form of academic deceit will require hard work from established academia and a renewed commitment to integrity from university communities.

Academic plagiarism is no longer just sloppy “cut and paste” jobs or students cribbing large chunks of an assignment from a friend’s earlier essay on the same topic. These days, students can simply visit any of a number of paper or essay mills that litter the internet and buy a completed assignment to present as their own.

These shadowy businesses are not going away anytime soon. Paper mills can’t be easily policed or shut down by legislation. And there’s a trickier issue at play here: they provide a service which an alarming number of students will happily use.

Managing this newest form of academic deceit will require hard work from established academia and a renewed commitment to integrity from university communities.

Unmasking the “shadow scholar”

Rathin Roy: In Paris, abandon the status quo

Rathin Roy 

August 20, 2015 

India's status quo position with respect to climate changenegotiations appears to have three important "red lines". First, a uni-focal emphasis on adapation, with mitigation being addressed rather defensively and minimally; second, a static political alignment focusing on the BASICgrouping, and a reluctance to engage with fresh coalitions cutting across rich-poor dividing lines; and third, a focus on hectoring rich countries to provide climate finance to poor countries.

I believe the status quo does not serve India well, and we need different thinking that better serves our interests.

No sane person would argue against adaptation given the clear and present danger presented by global warming. However, I think this should not be the sole focus of India's negotiating interventions. The old-fashioned uni-focal emphasis on adaptation has meant that India's impressive track record on mitigation has been ignored.

India has quietly risen to the challenge of being the first country in the world to commit to economic transformation without substantial additional recourse to fossil fuels. That, in essence, is what generating 100 gigawatts of renewable electricity by 2025 means. India now effectively and significantly taxes fossil fuel consumption. Revenue rewards to states from afforestation in India, at Rs 36,000 crore, are much greater than those paid by any emerging economy. India is also the only G20 country to use significant renewable energy for lifeline (think lightbulbs), as opposed to lifestyle (think central heating) consumption.

Is East Timor Now a Rich Country?

By Mong Palatino

August 22, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/is-east-timor-now-a-rich-country/

Timor-Leste’s Ministry of Finance issued a press statement claiming that the small Southeast Asian nation is already among the richest countries in the world. It cited a report of the Global Finance magazine which ranked Timor-Leste’s GDP per capita on a purchasing power parity basis as the 87th highest in the world. The global survey involved 184 countries. In Southeast Asia, Timor-Leste ranked fifth behind Singapore, Brunei, Malaysia, and Thailand.

Global Finance also factored the relative cost of living and the inflation rates of countries. It used figures from the International Monetary Fund’s World Economic Outlook database for April 2013

But La’o Hamutuk, a non-government organization, made a simple fact-checking and discovered that the statistics used for Timor-Leste were already outdated. It made reference to the latest IMF World Economic Outlook published in April 2015 which gave Timor-Leste a rank of 122nd (not 87th) in the world in 2013. Furthermore, the country’s ranking is expected to decline by six places in 2014.

Kiribati and the Future of Coal

By Kumi Naidoo

August 21, 2015

http://thediplomat.com/2015/08/kiribati-and-the-future-of-coal/

The people of the low-lying islands of Kiribati in the central Pacific Ocean are possibly the least responsible for climate change, and yet the most exposed to the consequences of it. Every high tide now carries with it the potential for damage and flooding. These people know first hand that climate change is not just an environmental crisis; it is also a human rights disaster.

Last week I visited the president of Kirabati, Anote Tong. He is a man who is watching his nation slowly drown due to sea level rises brought on by climate change. I was present when he made the groundbreaking call to world leaders to end new coal mines. In a letter sent to world leaders attending the climate conference in Paris in November, the president said:

“Let us join together as a global community and take action now. The construction of each new coal mine undermines the spirit and intent of any agreement we may reach, particularly in the upcoming COP 21 in Paris, whilst stopping new coal mine constructions NOW will make any agreement reached in Paris truly historical.”