Israel's "campaign between the wars" (Mabam) strategy, codified in a 2015 IDF document, aims to degrade the capabilities of Iran and its regional allies during interwar periods, maintaining Israel's qualitative military advantage. This policy, evolving from 1950s-60s reprisal operations, involves limited military strikes, covert actions, and cyberattacks across the Middle East, targeting Hezbollah in Lebanon and Syria, Iranian-backed Shiite militants in Iraq, and Houthis in Yemen.
While Mabam has delayed adversary capabilities, like Hezbollah's precision-guided missile program, the group still possessed 100,000 to 200,000 missiles and rockets prior to 2026 hostilities. Covert actions in Iran, such as the 2020 centrifuge facility explosion, align with Mabam's goals, though some attacks led to Iran rebuilding capabilities underground. Despite Prime Minister Netanyahu's 2026 declaration to move beyond Mabam, the strategy is expected to persist due to its perceived success. This continued unilateral action risks widening the split with Washington and potentially restarting war with Iran and its allies, necessitating expanded coordination with the U.S. to retain support for Israel's overall Iran strategy.
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