23 December 2025

An expert’s point of view on a current event.

Yu Jie

When historians look back on the early 21st century, they may conclude that the United States taught China more by example than through lectures about trade practices or political systems.

In October, the Chinese leadership released its recommendations for the country’s 15th Five-Year Plan, which will cover 2026 to 2030. The document outlined not just where the leadership intends to steer the world’s second-largest economy, but also how it wants to project China’s power globally. Without explicitly mentioning the United States, Beijing’s political blueprint reveals the leadership’s intense focus on addressing technological chokepoints and its concerns about the extent of the country’s dependence on overseas suppliers for high-end technologies.

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