3 March 2026

Three Lessons from the Ukraine War, Four Years On

Stavros Atlamazoglou

Today, four years later, the Russian forces have lost nearly 1.3 million troops, including nearly 350,000 dead, and control approximately 19 percent of Ukraine. Russia maintains the strategic initiative on the battlefield, choosing when and where to launch offensives, but has been unable to field the necessary operational strength to break through the Ukrainian defenses.

On a geopolitical level, the large-scale invasion of Ukraine had the exact opposite result than the Kremlin wished. A quick Russian victory in Ukraine was intended to demonstrate European institutions’ inability to protect themselves, and Russia’s military mastery of Eastern Europe. Instead of fracturing Europe and NATO, however, the invasion reinforced bonds of mutual trust, especially among European nations. Today, Europe is much stronger and united, and the European defense industry has been largely revitalized by the threat of Russia.

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