Council on Foreign Relations | Kate Sullivan de Estrada
India is strategically navigating the liberal international order (LIO), selectively engaging with security norms while steadfastly preserving its autonomy. The nation deepens security cooperation with the United States and Indo-Pacific partners like Japan and Australia within the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue, yet consistently avoids formal, treaty-based alliances that would entail binding defense commitments. India champions nuclear restraint and responsible stewardship but remains outside the nonproliferation regime's core framework, aligning its domestic legislation with international standards without full integration. This approach allows New Delhi to enhance its material capacity and regional legitimacy, contributing to global security discussions while resisting hierarchical structures or explicit identification of adversaries. Its engagement also balances long-standing ties with Russia against evolving partnerships, reflecting a nuanced foreign policy rooted in its historical experiences, such as the 1971 USS Enterprise incident, which fueled distrust of overt alignment. This selective participation ensures independent decision-making in crisis management and security community integration.
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