James Stavridis
We should all rejoice to see Israeli hostages being released following the barbaric attacks by Hamas nearly two months ago. But under the short pause in fighting, the terrorists are exchanging kidnapped Israelis — in agonizingly slow fashion — to purchase time to rearm, refresh and reset their forces. There is not a shred of humanitarian impulse here. Hamas cynically measures the price of human lives and then doles them out 10 at a time for another day of military advantage.
Although the Israeli government has understandably agreed to extend the pause to gain more hostage releases, it needs to be clear-eyed from a military perspective about the costs. What are the ramifications for the Israel Defense Forces?
We’ve seen this type of humanitarian and diplomatic pause in warfare before. I experienced it firsthand as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization’s military commander during the six-month air campaign over Libya in 2011. Our mission, authorized under a United Nations Security Council resolution, was to use air assets (no boots on the ground) to degrade Moammar Al Qaddafi’s ability to kill his own people.
Our bombing campaign was relentless and highly effective. Yet working closely with the International Committee of the Red Cross, we used a series of tactical pauses to enable the transport of humanitarian supplies. Each time we did so, government forces would refit to continue their fight.
Further back, during the long, painful course of the US war in Vietnam, there were moments when Washington slowed its bombing operations to facilitate diplomatic discussions in Paris. The principal air campaign, Operation Rolling Thunder, was used on and off throughout negotiations in the 1960s. During those pauses, North Vietnam took advantage.
With US bombers off the table, Hanoi was able to move troops, heavy weapons, small arms and ammunition, and to transport general logistics (food, fuel, communications gear), to forces who were otherwise cut off. The clever use of the tactical pauses in the mid-to-late 1960s permitted North Vietnam to preposition units for the ultimate conquest of the south and the brutal fall of Saigon in 1975.
Hamas is going to do much the same thing. Like Hanoi, the terrorists are playing to a sense of war fatigue in the US and Europe. They will use the pause to sharpen their information-warfare campaign and strengthen arguments for an extensive cease-fire that restores the status quo bellum, which is unacceptable to Israel.
Hamas will also be able to shift its forces around using its 300-mile tunnel system. Its on-the-ground “leadership” — actually lower-level commanders remaining in Gaza after their superiors decamped for friendlier environments in Qatar and elsewhere — will be able reach safer destinations in the south of the Gaza Strip.
Pauses also allow the unhindered movement of ammunition and the bomb-making materials that will be used to build improvised explosive devices. These booby traps will hinder IDF troops when they move to consolidate their positions, try to find hostages, and begin to wipe out the tunnel complexes (through flooding or targeted explosives). Knowing that some number of hostages will still be in enemy hands will slow the IDF but ultimately not stop these operations; yet the longer the cease-fires continue, the more time Hamas will have to prepare.
Finally, like the North Vietnamese, Hamas officials will use the pauses to resupply their troops before they will allow civilians to be fed and cared for, and they will encourage Gazans to “return to their homes” in the north so they can again serve as human shields.
The term “cease-fire” understandably generates enthusiasm among people casually following events. And if it allows innocent hostages to go free, that is rightly viewed as a positive by the international community.
But delays always favor weaker defenders in a military conflict. While Israel may benefit to some degree in the propaganda war globally (which it is losing badly), in a pure combat sense these pauses are far more valuable to Hamas.
So while the Israelis should welcome their citizens back to safety, they must remain clear-eyed about the cost to their overall campaign — and have a well-developed plan to recover the initiative when the fighting resumes.
No comments:
Post a Comment