Magnus Normark, Anders Larsson, Henrik Ramebäck, Anna Karin Tunemalm, Per Wikström
The aim of this annual report is to present an updated assessment of the threat posed by non-state actors' use of chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) materials to cause adverse effects on society. The content is based solely on open-source information and includes a selection of incidents. The report is produced by a research group at FOI (Swedish Defence Research Agency), with grants from the Swedish Ministry of Defence. There were no confirmed attacks involving CBRN materials that caused significant adverse consequences for society during 2024. As in previous years, there were several cases of possession of toxic materials and information on the production of toxic substances found among criminals and violent extremists from both Islamist and right-wing milieus. In some cases, these actors have been linked to international terrorist organisations. The authors note that poisonous materials continue to be used relatively often to threaten, intimidate, or harm other people. In most cases that have come to our attention, the threats have been directed at individuals who are closely related to the perpetrator. Threats referring to poisonous or infectious materials are also used for financially opportunistic purposes, or to demonstrate dissatisfaction with companies, authorities, or other public functions and individuals.
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