22 December 2025

The UK Royal Navy’s future – hybrid high stakes

Nick Childs

A change of course
Most major Western navies are grappling with the dawning realisation that they need a course correction to address developing threats at sea and the accelerating pace of technological change. The operational lessons from the Black Sea and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, continuing resource constraints (despite some promised budget hikes), personnel bottlenecks and industrial-capacity issues mean that simply regrowing naval capabilities in a traditional sense is not an option. Navies will have to do things differently from now on.

The First Sea Lord also underscored the urgency of changing course and that he is on a four-year mission to deliver a renewed war-fighting capability by 2029, known as the Warfighting Ready Plan 2029. That sense of urgency, again, is a common theme among NATO members.

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