The wider U.S.-Israel-Iran war, which Lebanon was drawn into in early March, has been disastrous, expanding Israeli occupation and reviving Hezbollah's military activity. Diplomacy to end this conflict, particularly the U.S.-Iran MOU, places Lebanon prominently within the ceasefire framework, committing both sides to respecting its sovereignty and territorial integrity.
Discussions in Lucerne explore a "deconfliction cell" involving the United States, Iran, and Lebanon. Challenges persist, including Israel's continued military presence in South Lebanon and Hezbollah's view of military action within Lebanese territory as resistance. A sustainable path requires addressing both Israeli occupation and Hezbollah's defiance of state authority. Direct Lebanon-Israel talks resumed in Washington on June 23, aiming for a phased Israeli withdrawal and empowering the Lebanese Armed Forces to secure the south. The U.S. should insist on the withdrawal of IRGC personnel and infrastructure from Lebanon, alongside restoring the state's monopoly on force. Regional powers like Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Qatar, Egypt, and Pakistan are also engaged, sharing an interest in a stable Levant and Lebanese sovereignty. Lebanon must actively participate in negotiations to shape its future, avoiding entrenched Hezbollah armed status or prolonged Israeli occupation, while domestically rebuilding institutions and pursuing political dialogue for disarmament.
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