China's rise as a major arms exporter presents a paradox due to significant internal and external deficiencies in its defense trade engagements. Two widely exported Chinese weapons systems, the NORINCO VT-4 Main Battle Tank and the CASC CH-4B combat drone, consistently exhibit deficiencies, including thermal defects and crashes, leading some buyers like Jordan, Nigeria, and Myanmar to diversify or ground fleets.
This trend complicates Beijing’s arms export trajectory, alongside the likely post-Ukraine resurgence of Russian and American exporters and expanding US sanctions on Chinese military-industrial entities. China's Military-Civil Fusion (MCF) and National Strategic Systems and Capabilities (NSSC) models underpin its military-industrial complex, supported by legislative frameworks like the 2020 Export Control Law and 2021 Data Security Law. Recent April 2026 decrees (No. 834 and No. 835) further aim to secure supply chains and counter foreign extraterritorial sanctions, reflecting Beijing's strategic efforts to protect its defense industry and global market share.
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