7 June 2026

Why the US Needs a Clear Cuba Strategy

National Interest  |  Steven Hendrix

The United States risks Cuba's current crisis escalating into a regional problem without a clear strategy. CIA Director John Ratcliffe's May 14 visit to Havana was followed by a Justice Department indictment on May 20, charging former Cuban President RaΓΊl Castro and five co-defendants for the 1996 shootdown of two civilian aircraft.

This indictment, described by Reuters as a "new low" in US-Cuba relations, complicates Washington's mixed policy of pressure, potential aid, intelligence engagement, and criminal charges. Cuba faces severe state-capacity issues, including fuel shortages, power outages, and deepening food scarcity, which could trigger migration pressures, public health risks, and foreign meddling if its power grid fails. Washington needs strategic clarity on whether its goal is reform, security cooperation, or political transition, as a collapsing Cuba could become more repressive, dependent on external patrons, and dangerous for the Caribbean region.

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