14 October 2025

How Europe Can Defend Itself with Less America

Max Bergmann and Otto Svendsen

With the war in Ukraine and a potential reduction of U.S. military presence in Europe on the horizon, there is a renewed imperative for European leaders to strengthen and integrate their defense capabilities. How Europe Can Defend Itself with Less America examines the military gaps that would be created by a significant reduction of the U.S. military footprint in Europe. The report outlines five key tasks Europeans should undertake to address these gaps and deter further Russian aggression: creating a pan-European force, integrating weapons procurement, expanding stockpiles, mitigating dependence on U.S. enablers, and building redundancy in command structures.

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