Chinese advanced artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose a serious and growing threat to U.S. national security, with at least seven Chinese developers producing formidable AI capabilities. These systems, released with open weights and aggressive pricing, are treated by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) as instruments of political control, economic dominance, and great-power competition.
The report proposes a framework understanding these risks across kinetic, cognitive, and economic-technological domains, affecting the U.S. through state instrumentalization and global proliferation. Chinese systems already contribute to offensive cyber operations and deepen ideological alignment with the CCP, with DeepSeek-based agents 12 times more likely to follow malicious instructions than U.S. counterparts. The report advocates assessing risk in absolute terms, focusing on what Chinese systems can do. It recommends six policy actions, including national security risk assessments by the Department of Commerce, cybersecurity alerts from CISA, and allied information sharing by the Department of State, to address these immediate threats.
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