Regional states are significantly institutionalizing and digitalizing the Middle Corridor, the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route (TITR), through regulatory harmonization and integrated logistics. This involves new agreements on electronic freight documentation, data-sharing, and e-permits, alongside accelerated infrastructure expansion across rail, port, and maritime sectors. Azerbaijan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Georgia signed a protocol to digitalize freight, while Kazakhstan Temir Zholy partnered with Huawei to modernize its rail system.
Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev proposed an e-permit system, supported aligning the Middle Corridor with the U.S.-backed TRIPP, and invited the EU to join. Georgia and Azerbaijan formalized the modernization of the Baku–Tbilisi–Kars (BTK) railway, upgrading a 184-kilometer section. Azerbaijan's Baku Shipyard is completing a third RoPax-type ferry, and the Port of Baku plans to increase annual cargo capacity from 15 million to 25 million tons. Kazakhstan is expanding Aktau and Kuryk port container hubs to 300,000 TEUs annually by 2029. Uzbekistan is exploring new Caspian ferry services. These efforts underscore the Middle Corridor's evolution into a technologically integrated Eurasian logistics system, strengthening connectivity between Europe, the South Caucasus, Central Asia, and the PRC.
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