7 November 2026

The Dangers of a Lame-Duck Trump

Foreign Affairs | Daniel W. Drezner, Elizabeth N. Saunders

U.S. President Donald Trump faces a two-year lame-duck period following midterm losses to Democrats, leaving foreign policy as his primary unconstrained arena. Cornered by potential congressional investigations, the administration is evaluating direct military strikes against Iran alongside forced regime change in Cuba. Escalate or fail, these gambits carry steep systemic consequences.

A renewed confrontation with Tehran threatens Persian Gulf shipping lanes and global energy security, creating secondary economic shocks worldwide. Alternatively, military action against Havana risks driving a massive influx of refugees toward American shores. Meanwhile, grand diplomatic initiatives, including a proposed trilateral concert with Russian President Vladimir Putin and Chinese leader Xi Jinping, remain structurally improbable due to unyielding strategic stances regarding Ukraine and Taiwan. With earlier diplomatic options largely exhausted and family foreign earnings exceeding $4 billion, direct unilateral strikes or complete domestic retreat represent the executive's primary options through 2028.

Comment

Unilateral executive strikes targeting Iranian energy infrastructure at Kharg Island present immediate operational risks for U.S. Central Command. Retaliatory strike vectors executed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy would target commercial maritime traffic traversing the Strait of Hormuz. This operational threat forces U.S. Fifth Fleet surface combatants to shift from deep-strike missions to escort and point-defense screening.

This defensive posture reduces the deployment availability of Arleigh Burke-class destroyers for wider regional patrols. As surface escorts concentrate near Al Basrah Oil Terminal, coverage gaps emerge in counter-unmanned aerial vehicle screening networks. Consequently, U.S. Fifth Fleet task groups face diminished tactical flexibility across the Persian Gulf while managing continuous anti-ship missile threats.

Strategic Question for Discussion
Which carries greater weight when positioning U.S. Fifth Fleet assets in the Persian Gulf—maintaining offensive strike posture against targets like Kharg Island or guaranteeing point-defense escort capacity for commercial shipping through the Strait of Hormuz?
The operational evidence suggests that defensive escort requirements invariably consume fleet capacity during Gulf escalations, constraining sustained offensive operations. While strike missions against facilities on Kharg Island require initial concentration of force, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy asymmetric tactics rapidly force U.S. Fifth Fleet destroyers into defensive screening roles. Consequently, the operational trade-off tends to limit offensive endurance as carrier strike groups adapt to protect commercial energy corridors.
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