Jacopo Marzano
Italy is under attack, and not in the conventional sense. Defense Minister Guido Crosetto’s newly released “non-paper lays” out a stark reality: the country is already engaged in a daily, multidomain hybrid conflict. The threat isn’t about bombs or tanks, it’s about perception. “In hybrid warfare,” Crosetto writes, “perception outweighs certainty.” The battlefield is cognitive, the weapons are ambiguity and doubt.
What’s happening?. Hybrid threats are no longer episodic—they’re structural.The document defines hybrid warfare as the coordinated use of diplomatic, informational, economic, military, and cyber tools by state and non-state actors to destabilise a country without triggering open war.
Who’s behind it?. Four hostile actors dominate the landscape: Russia, China, Iran, and North Korea – the so-called “CRINK.”Russia deploys sabotage, influence ops, energy pressure, migration manipulation, and cyberattacks via affiliated groups.
China uses a “multi-vector” strategy—economic, technological, and informational—to penetrate critical sectors and exploit Europe’s dependence on rare earths, gallium, and germanium.
Iran leverages regional proxies and controls maritime choke points.
North Korea runs a cyber apparatus focused on ransomware, crypto theft, and digital espionage to sustain its regime.
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