Meredith Schwartz and Gracelin Baskaran
The world is facing a new foreign policy landscape—one in which critical minerals are becoming ever more central to economic statecraft. Washington is increasingly shaping partnerships not only around traditional geopolitical alignment but also around the scale, quality, and accessibility of countries’ resource endowments. Within this evolving framework, Pakistan has emerged as an unexpected beneficiary. Despite long-standing challenges in Pakistan’s investment climate and security posture, its untapped geological potential has drawn renewed attention as the United States seeks to diversify supply chains and reduce reliance on dominant producers.
The United States is at a critical juncture in its relationship with India and Pakistan, and deepening ties with one may risk alienating the other. India offers long-term strategic, economic, and geopolitical value. It is increasingly central to the United States’ Indo-Pacific strategy as a democratic counterweight to China and could respond to closer U.S.-Pakistan cooperation by deepening its strategic autonomy, expanding defense and energy ties with Russia, and slowing cooperation in critical domains such as supply chains, technology, and defense industrial integration.
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