17 December 2025

Air and Missile Defense and Point Defense in Near-Peer Conflict: A Joint Doctrine and ACE Imperative

Christian Bills

In the age of low-cost, long-range one-way-attack drones (OWA), stealthy cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and hypersonic weapons, the role of defensive operations has changed. As military leaders look to address these challenges, the question becomes: how do we provide effective air and missile defense (AMD)? No service branch can do it alone. The only effective and actionable plan to provide AMD or Point Defense (PD) is to leverage all our Joint capabilities. We do not achieve this, as our grandfathers did in WWII, via land seizure and overwhelming force. We are now dependent on being a leaner and more flexible force that can operate and execute on a more rapid timeline.

The only current option for this is a scheme of maneuver centered around Agile Combat Employment (ACE). This offers decentralized execution and empowers leaders at the lowest level. If the Air Force is to execute AMD and PD against a near-peer adversary, it will depend on the ACE scheme of maneuver and the support of the Joint Force. To understand this strategy, we will review three topic areas: AMD Asset Costs vs Adversary Weapons; How ACE affects air/missile defense and point defense; and the Air Force as a joint force doctrine driver, not a sole user.

No comments: