Nazar Syvak
Information threats are often perceived as among the most significant to democratic states and their social stability. Revisionist states, including Russia and China, and non-state actors like ISIS, have extensively used methods of information warfare to influence target audiences and achieve political results. This escalating challenge, amplified by the growing popularity of social media, has prompted scholars and practitioners to develop numerous frameworks and toolkits to counter foreign influence operations and disinformation in the information environment. There is, however, a noticeable lack of conceptualization and taxonomy of information security methods and strategies, with most available resources outlining a variety of counter-disinformation tactics rather than developing a comprehensive framework for systematizing such tactics and approaches.
This paper proposes a three-category taxonomy of information security approaches, dividing them into reactive defensive measures, proactive defensive measures, and offensive measures. A coherent systematization of tactics would enable scholars and practitioners to better understand the risks and benefits associated with each category of approaches, establish causal links between countermeasures and their effectiveness, design robust evaluation metrics, and develop more efficient information security strategies.
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