China, historically framing its foreign policy around noninterference and anti-imperialism, is recalibrating its strategic posture in response to a perceived era of global anarchy and declining U.S.-led order. Beijing, despite its foundational narrative, has long engaged in activities beyond its borders, from supporting insurgencies to establishing overseas military facilities in places like Mao's era. The unraveling of the U.S.-led security order, particularly under a hypothetical Trump second presidency, has prompted China to view its global commercial, technological, and security interests as increasingly vulnerable. Chinese leader Xi Jinping and the security establishment, including the Ministry of State Security and CICIR, now assess the international system as entering a turbulent "law of the jungle" phase, necessitating a more assertive and interventionist approach to protect its vast overseas interests, including the Belt and Road Initiative. This involves building an "entire chain" overseas security protection system, expanding intelligence collection, deepening international security cooperation, and potentially deploying private security firms or even considering a revised "Interventionism 2.0" doctrine, moving away from strict noninterference to safeguard its "lifelines" and strategic corridors globally.
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