Carnegie India | Shruti Mittal
The U.S. and India, despite launching initiatives like the Transforming the Relationship Utilizing Strategic Technology (TRUST) and Pax Silica to build resilient semiconductor supply chains, face significant unresolved challenges. Three primary friction points hinder effective cooperation: differing export control regimes, the absence of a clear economic case for collaboration, and U.S. anxieties about India potentially becoming a strategic technology competitor akin to China. India's export control architecture, while evolving, lacks the institutional depth of the U.S. system, leading to slower license approvals, particularly for Indian companies. Economically, while the strategic rationale for cooperation is clear, a concrete commercial return for firms on both sides remains undefined, with India focusing on legacy nodes for domestic needs while U.S. investment favors advanced nodes. Mechanisms like the International Technology Security and Innovation Fund and India's proposed ISM 2.0 need clearer programmatic and financial commitments. Addressing the 'Second China' concern requires a robust governance architecture with legal safeguards for jointly generated intellectual property and transparent end-use mechanisms, rather than relying solely on good faith. Resolving these issues demands sustained technical alignment and political will.
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