This document examines the evolution of the US Congressional perspectives towards India from 1947 to 2024. It identifies key institutional determinants and systemic determinants, which have contributed to the evolving approach of the legislature towards India. Institutional determinants refer to internal dynamics within Congress, including the Congressional structure, executive-legislative alignment and pressure-group interests. Systemic determinants refer to the conditions in the international system, such as derivative bilateralism, economic exchange and regional security, guiding these perspectives.
This historical analysis categorises Congressional thinking on India into four phases:- 1947 to 1974, 1974 to 1991, 1991 to 2008 and 2008 to 2024. While the institutional determinants take precedence in the first two phases, systemic determinants drive the Congressional perspectives in the later phases. The study identifies a persistent lack of an organised long-term policy approach of the Congress towards India as a hurdle for strengthening India-US ties. It concludes that in the contemporary phase, the Congress is actively attempting to amend this approach.
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