It takes courage, especially for a young officer, to check a man met on the road for not saluting properly or for slovenly appearance, but, every time he does, it adds to his stock of moral courage, and whatever the soldier may say, he has respect for the officer who does pull him up.
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PLA has focused on modernising its capabilities across all warfare domains to achieve these goals. This includes land, air, and maritime operations, nuclear, space, counter-space, electronic warfare and cyberspace operations, aiming to become a fully integrated joint force.
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PRC has engaged in a sustained and broad effort to transform the PLA from an infantry-heavy, low-technology, ground forces-centric military into a high-technology, networked force with an increasing emphasis on joint operations and naval and air power projection.
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Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) is gaining prominence with the rise of social media, the digital society and the vast growth of publicly and commercially available information (PAI and CAI).
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Informationised warfare blurs the lines between peacetime and wartime. A nation in the information age cannot wait for the hostilities to break out to collect intelligence, carryout influence operations, develop antisatellite systems or design computer software weapons.
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Why did China did this when he is under tremendous pressure in all fronts, is this China's salami slice tactics being progressed rigorously, what will be new Rules of Engagement, what will be escalatory control mechanism, who has taken this decision, will there be some pressure put by China in India's North-East through insurgency.
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Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan and Secretary, Department of Military Affairs, formally released declassified versions of the Joint Doctrines for Cyberspace Operations during the Chiefs of Staff Committee meeting in New Delhi.
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Gen SA Munir's position in the hierarchy of Pakistan was not very comfortable. The state of economy, insurgency in Pakhtoonistan and Balochistan, attack on the Jaffar Express, constant protests by supporters of Imran Khan's supporters inside and outside of parliament.
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Precision strikes were carried out on nine sites—four in Pakistan and five in PoK—linked to anti-India terrorist groups such as the LeT, JeM and the Hizbul Mujahideen. The targeted sites included Muridke (LeT headquarters) and Bahawalpur (JeM headquarters).
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The New York Times (NYT), based on analysis by a U.S. based private intelligence firm Recorded Future, reported that a Chinese entity penetrated India’s power grid at multiple load dispatch points. Chinese malware intruded into the control systems that manage electric supply across India, along with a high-voltage transmission substation and a coal-fired power plant
Read Document →India is actively transforming Arunachal Pradesh, a geopolitically sensitive frontier, into an integral part of the Indian nation to counter China's irredentist claims over the territory, particularly Tawang. New Delhi's strategy aims to solidify its sovereignty and presence in the region, which Beijing considers "South Tibet." This initiative involves significant efforts to integrate the border
The United States has systematically reshaped the geopolitical landscape of South Asia through engineered political upheavals in sovereign nations like Bangladesh and Nepal, employing coordinated tactics such as youth mobilization, digital agitation, foreign-funded NGOs, and anti-corruption narratives. In Bangladesh, the August 2024 ouster of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, framed as a student uprising, installed Muhammad Yunus, advancing US access to strategic Bay of Bengal assets and consolidating Islamist forces.
The Pakistan Hajj Mission, operating in Makkah, recently recovered 5.5 million rupees from private tour operators, who were found to have overcharged pilgrims during their Hajj pilgrimage. This direct intervention resulted in formal notices being issued to thirty-five distinct companies implicated in these financial malpractices. The article explicitly states that Pakistan's Hajj operators are "robbing" pilgrims through these overcharging schemes.
Bangladesh's Rohingya refugee camps are experiencing escalating violence and fragmentation among armed groups, including ARA/Nabi Hossain Bahini, ARSA, ARO, Saddam Bahini, and Zakir Bahini, competing for territorial dominance and control over camp governance. In May 2026 alone, multiple killings occurred, such as Hasan Ahmed, Mohammad Kamal Prakash Noor, and ARO 'commander' Kefayet Ullah Halim.
Pakistan's reported deployment of a large military contingent, including F-16 and JF-17 Thunder aircraft and elements of the 25 Mechanized Division, in Saudi Arabia has raised concerns over Islamabad's strategic posture amidst West Asia tensions and geopolitical uncertainty surrounding Iran. Regional observers view this as a significant commitment, with the F-16s likely bearing the heavier operational burden while JF-17s perform defensive roles due to China's engagement with Iran.
The contemporary international order is undergoing a profound structural reconfiguration from unipolar dominance to a complex, networked multipolar system, where mediation diplomacy is increasingly vital for global governance. Its effectiveness stems from the ability to foster dialogue and build trust through perceived neutrality, institutional predictability, and sovereign autonomy, rather than military or economic superiority.
Pakistan launched the Pakistan-Iran Transit Corridor last month at a ceremony in Karachi, where Director General of Transit Trade Customs Sanaullah Abro and Director Transit Muhammad Rashid flagged off the initiative. Islamabad had announced six transit routes, prompting shipping lines to reroute thousands of containers to Pakistani ports like Karachi and Gwadar.
Pakistan's military personnel were targeted on May 24 in Quetta, Balochistan, when a bomb detonated on a shuttle train, killing at least 24 people, including army servicemen, and wounding over 50. The Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA), a US-designated foreign terrorist organization based in Afghanistan, claimed responsibility, consistent with its objective of Baloch independence and targeting Pakistani state integration projects in the resource-rich province carrying CPEC.
China's _Ethnic Unity and Progress Promotion Law_, passed by the National People’s Congress in March and effective July 1, establishes statutory obligations for Beijing's comprehensive assimilationist agenda. This law, building on over 20 provincial regulations, transforms ethnic unity work from "policy guidance" to "legal norms" and a "hard constraint," compelling officials to "forge a common Chinese national consciousness."
Iran's "Operation Epic Fury" cyberattacks offer a critical preview for Taiwan regarding potential Chinese threats. China, possessing a highly capable cyber arsenal, considers cyberspace a "critical domain" and "the core center for winning wars," actively launching 2.63 million daily cyberattacks against Taiwanese critical infrastructure in 2025. Iranian-tied groups conducted 5,800 attacks against American and Israeli companies, manipulating internet-facing programmable logic controllers to cause operational disruptions and financial losses.
Donald Trump’s decision to strike Iran, a consequential use of force, is best understood as a hybrid case requiring multiple Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) frameworks. While the rational actor model initially explains the strike as a calculated effort to restore deterrence and reassert credibility against Iran's advancing missile and nuclear capabilities and resilience, this framework encounters limitations.
The US Administration's repeated pattern of signaling an "almost completed" agreement with Iran, only to follow with surprise attacks in June and February 28th, has eroded international trust. This "governmental nihilism," characterized by deception and a belief in no objective truth, signals moral and ethical bankruptcy, leading other nations to view negotiation with the United States as futile.
Anti-technology extremism has consolidated as an emerging driver of terrorism and political violence, manifesting in widespread sabotage and attacks across Europe and North America. These incidents, though fragmented and geographically dispersed, converge on similar targets, primarily executed by lone actors and decentralised cells.
Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney warned leaders at the World Economic Forum in Davos that states caught between Washington and Beijing must stop negotiating alone, emphasizing that "If we’re not at the table, we’re on the menu." This sentiment reflects a renewed focus on middle powers like India, Brazil, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Australia, Canada,
Israel's 'Operation Arrows of Fire' has led to the displacement of families in central Beirut, specifically those on the Ramlet al-Baida corniche. These families are now living in tents, constructed from canvas and aluminum poles on a seafront walkway, having lost their homes and possessions due to actions by the Israeli air force.
The world economy faces deepening energy, food, and cost-of-living crises, primarily centered on the Strait of Hormuz, necessitating an urgent US-Iran deal. Recent reports indicate Washington and Tehran are discussing a broader arrangement, including a 60-day truce, reopening shipping lanes, sanctions relief, and renewed nuclear talks. Approximately a fifth of global oil and a substantial
The debate surrounding the proposed ASTRA Corridor through Yemen's Hawf region signifies a strategic shift from merely protecting maritime chokepoints like Hormuz and Bab al-Mandeb to reducing global dependence on them. Recent regional confrontations highlight the vulnerability of concentrated energy flows and trade networks, prompting a re-evaluation of energy-security strategy towards diversification and structural resilience rather than perfect invulnerability.
In 2026, the traditional information security paradigm of building high walls around organizational assets has collapsed, creating an absurd asymmetry favoring attackers. The solution is an "active defense doctrine," integrating offensive cyber capabilities for adversary intelligence, reverse engineering attacker intentions, and pre-server disruption. This proactive approach employs advanced deception techniques, like concealing real information within
The US-Israel-Iran war has reshaped the Middle East's balance of power, yet produced no clear strategic resolution for any involved actor, leading to a fragile equilibrium. The United States, having spent an estimated $25-50 billion, prevented a broader conflict and degraded Iran's military, but exposed its eroding capacity for decisive victory.
On the morning of February 28, US and Israeli aircraft executed a coordinated military operation, striking Tehran. The explicit objective of this joint aerial assault was regime decapitation, directly targeting the leadership of the Islamic Republic. Ali Khamenei, the supreme leader of the Islamic Republic, was specifically identified as a key figure in the context of this operation, indicating a direct focus on the highest echelons of the Iranian government.
Modern strategic competition has shifted from seizing geographic ground to manipulating critical systems states rely on, fundamentally redefining strategic terrain. This transformation means pressure is now applied through infrastructure, institutions, markets, and information systems, rather than traditional military advances.
Ukraine's drone warfare has provided six key lessons, demonstrating how unmanned systems are democratizing long-range precision strike capabilities and bridging conventional and unconventional warfare. These tactics and technologies, refined since Russia's 2014 invasion, have already appeared in conflicts globally, including Myanmar, Colombia, Mexico, Gaza, Lebanon, Iran, and Iraq, with China actively studying Russia's experiences for its own doctrines.
Electronic warfare (EW) has become increasingly vital in modern conflict, evolving from rudimentary World War II "chaff" to today's sophisticated digital attack platforms that aim to control the electromagnetic spectrum. This mode of fighting disrupts enemy radars, communications, missile guidance, and networks, with early dedicated aircraft like the EB-66 Destroyer giving way to more advanced systems.
Nuclear weapons have re-emerged as central to great power politics, ending the post-Cold War era's diminished focus. Russia has threatened nuclear use in Ukraine and tested new delivery systems. China rapidly expanded its nuclear arsenal, diversified delivery systems, and potentially conducted a low-yield nuclear test in June 2020.