Viraj Solanki
New Delhi has been pursuing trade agreements with several partners, including the European Union – with which it signed a landmark deal on 27 January – the United Kingdom and the United States. This signifies a move towards a more open economy and will boost India’s chances of achieving its longer-term development goals, though structural changes will also be necessary.
In 2025, free-trade agreements (FTAs) became a significant part of India’s geo-economic toolkit. New Delhi concluded new trade agreements with the United Kingdom, Oman and New Zealand, and was in negotiations to sign 12 other new agreements. The latter included talks aimed at reaching a bilateral-trade agreement (BTA) with its largest export market, the United States, and the final stages of long-running negotiations with its largest trade partner, the European Union – which culminated in the signing of an ambitious FTA on 27 January 2026. India has also been in negotiations to update eight existing agreements.
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