Sasha Havlicek, David Salvo and Arndt Freytag von Loringhoven
Authoritarian regimes’ use of hybrid warfare has increased precipitously over the past decade. A recent ISD report reveals the range of hybrid attacks experienced across all 27 member states of the EU since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine began in February 2022 – from cyber and information operations to political and societal subversion, to kinetic operations like sabotage, arson and targeted killings.
While government response remains largely reactive and siloed across different departments and ministries, the overarching purpose of these seemingly isolated hybrid attacks is unified. The ultimate aim – the design of every drone incursion, ransomware attack or deepfake – is to prey on citizens’ psyches bit by bit. This contributes to the broader strategy of undermining trust in democratic institutions, political parties and governance, dividing liberal societies and weakening the international institutions undergirding the post-Cold War international order (EU, NATO etc.).
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