16 December 2025

Changing patterns of conflict: The role of cyber-warfare

Eve Goode

In this SJUK exclusive, Paul Feenan, Chief Revenue Officer at Arqit discusses how cyber-warfare is reshaping the defence strategy. Cyber-warfare has become a major part of modern conflict. How has this changed the way militaries think about protecting their networks?

Cyber-warfare is fundamentally changing the way we approach modern conflict. Traditionally, militaries thought about warfare across the physical domains including land, sea, air and space. 
In the current landscape, cyber has now become a domain in its own right and for good reason. Adversaries no longer need to physically attack to cause harm. They can cross borders in the cyber domain in ways that are impossible in the physical world, using cyber operations to pre-empt phases of conflict or as a core part of war fighting.

What they target are networks, data systems, communications and command-and-control as they are the lifeblood of operations across all physical domains. This has changed the mindset around protection. We can no longer rely on perimeter defence, because networks are now organic and fundamental to how all operations are conducted.

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