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14 January 2026

Total Defense for an Era of Total War

Alexander Noyes

When federal agents walked into the municipal utility building in Littleton, Massachusetts, in late 2023, they carried a warning that should have wounded Americans’ sense of security. Chinese state-backed operators had penetrated the town’s water system, quietly compromising its control network for years. Their goal was not espionage or theft but leverage—the ability to sow chaos in the United States and deter U.S. action abroad in the event of a future conflict.

Littleton was not an isolated event. In February 2024, U.S. federal agencies disclosed new details about Volt Typhoon, a Chinese state-sponsored hacking group first identified in 2023,

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