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1 March 2026

The Resilience Series – The West’s Greatest Vulnerability: Amphibious Critical and Defensive Infrastructure (ACADI)

Ian Saunders

Global instability has increased over the last decade to a level comparable to that of the Cold War. Russia’s kinetic aggression in Eastern Europe through the attempted invasion and partial occupation of Ukraine has driven a significant change in the deployment of conventional warfare. The threat situation has also dramatically increased from a hybrid warfare perspective, with sabotage and deniable attacks on Western critical infrastructure by Russian foreign intelligence agencies using conduit groups and “Gig” operators, perpetrating attacks on both land and below the sea.

In contrast to the Cold War years, the evolution of the Internet across every level of global society has resulted in the most significant cultural shift since the invention of the wheel or the printing press. Individuals, businesses, and governments are now totally dependent on the Internet to a point where its failure has become too catastrophic to contemplate, but not for all.

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