Bangladesh's Rohingya refugee camps are experiencing escalating violence and fragmentation among armed groups, including ARA/Nabi Hossain Bahini, ARSA, ARO, Saddam Bahini, and Zakir Bahini, competing for territorial dominance and control over camp governance. In May 2026 alone, multiple killings occurred, such as Hasan Ahmed, Mohammad Kamal Prakash Noor, and ARO 'commander' Kefayet Ullah Halim.
This factional warfare, marked by the targeting of Majhis and commanders, reflects attempts to seize informal governance mechanisms. Furthermore, arrests of Rohingyas linked to Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), including Mohammad Ullah and four ARSA cadres, introduce a transnational extremist dimension, raising regional security concerns about online radicalization and potential cross-border networking involving Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Myanmar. Concurrently, the Arakan Army (AA) in Myanmar continues to commit atrocities against Rohingya, including a May 2024 massacre in Hoyasiri, detaining 165 fishermen between December 2024 and May 2026, and planting landmines in border areas, further endangering the displaced population.
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