The People's Republic of China (PRC) is systematically constructing a functional closed-door regime to retain core factors of production—people, capital, frontier technology, and proprietary information—within its borders, citing national security imperatives. This doctrine is evidenced by recent administrative regulations and enforcement actions, including the State Council's Orders No. 834 and 835, and the NDRC's prohibition of Meta's acquisition of Chinese AI firm Manus.
Mobility controls, such as exit bans, have expanded from senior cadres to ordinary citizens, private-sector founders like Manus's Xiao Hong and Ji Yichao, and foreign nationals, with 14 laws authorizing such bans by 2023. Outbound capital channels have tightened, with individual foreign exchange capped at $50,000 annually and informal cryptocurrency routes formally prohibited by the PBOC's February 6 notice. Technology retention is enforced via an expanded export-control catalogue and foreign-investment security reviews, while information outflows are re-characterized as national security risks, curtailing overseas database access and requiring data to remain onshore.
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