Artificial intelligence infrastructure, including data centers, energy, chips, and networks, has emerged as a critical geopolitical asset, central to great-power competition in 2026. Control over these resources directly impacts economic competitiveness, military strength, and global influence, with Europe significantly lagging behind the United States and China in developing sovereign capabilities.
The U.S. leads in advanced AI models and private data center investments, facing energy constraints and reliance on Taiwanese chips, while China employs a state-driven approach, coordinating massive infrastructure projects and exporting digital solutions despite U.S. chip export controls. Europe, despite its AI Act, depends on U.S. hyperscalers and struggles with energy, investment, and regulatory hurdles, unable to replicate either the American private model or China's state-led strategy. To achieve strategic autonomy, Europe must focus on sustainable, energy-efficient data centers, secure sovereign systems for critical sectors, and adopt a "framework nations" strategy, leveraging specific national strengths. This requires choosing sectors for interdependence and autonomy, potentially forming alliances among willing nations.
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